【摘要】： 烏克蘭哥薩克是東歐中古晚期和近代早期的一支重要的政治軍事力量。烏克蘭哥薩克的活動(dòng)不僅影響了烏克蘭的歷史發(fā)展,而且對(duì)于中古晚期東歐局勢(shì)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要影響。首先,烏克蘭哥薩克政權(quán)是烏克蘭民族國(guó)家的雛形。從基輔羅斯滅亡后一直到17世紀(jì)后期,烏克蘭人民都處于亡國(guó)的痛苦中。這種亡國(guó)狀態(tài)阻礙了烏克蘭近代民族的形成。由于波蘭再版農(nóng)奴制的強(qiáng)化,破壞了烏克蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)正常的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。烏克蘭哥薩克大起義推翻了波蘭的殖民統(tǒng)治。烏克蘭哥薩克建立了自己的政權(quán)——蓋特曼政權(quán)。蓋特曼政權(quán)是在各種政治影響下逐漸成長(zhǎng)的。它具有民族國(guó)家的特性,促進(jìn)了近代烏克蘭民族的形成和發(fā)展。其次,烏克蘭哥薩克的活動(dòng)加速了東歐局勢(shì)的變化。烏克蘭哥薩克成為打破東歐政治軍事平衡的重要力量。烏克蘭哥薩克的活動(dòng)也體現(xiàn)了中古時(shí)期世界歷史上農(nóng)業(yè)文明與游牧文明斗爭(zhēng)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)。 本文重點(diǎn)探討了烏克蘭哥薩克形成和發(fā)展的各個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題。文章不僅涉及到了烏克蘭哥薩克的起源、特點(diǎn)、成員分析,而且對(duì)于烏克蘭哥薩克政權(quán)的政治軍事制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、外交等方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析與考察。本文在許多方面提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)和研究心得,對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)哥薩克群體提供了一些幫助,具有一定的學(xué)術(shù)意義。本文也分析了烏克蘭在東歐地緣政治中的重要地位,闡釋了烏克蘭哥薩克活動(dòng)對(duì)于烏克蘭民族和現(xiàn)代烏克蘭國(guó)家的影響,對(duì)于我們認(rèn)識(shí)和觀察東歐政治局勢(shì)的變化,提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)的參考價(jià)值。 本文分為五個(gè)部分: 第一部分,闡述了烏克蘭哥薩克的起源問(wèn)題。文章重點(diǎn)區(qū)分了烏克蘭哥薩克與俄國(guó)哥薩克的歷史和分布區(qū)域,交待了二者的關(guān)系。文章對(duì)烏克蘭哥薩克起源問(wèn)題這一難題進(jìn)行了多方面的分析。并且文章還突出了烏克蘭哥薩克的根據(jù)地——扎波羅熱塞契在哥薩克歷史上的重要性。 第二部分,探討了烏克蘭哥薩克政權(quán)的政治軍事制度。重點(diǎn)分析了烏克蘭哥薩克政治制度軍政合一的特點(diǎn),詳細(xì)闡釋了烏克蘭哥薩克政權(quán)的三級(jí)政權(quán)組織形式和組織原則,以及行政、司法和財(cái)政制度的特點(diǎn)。 第三部分,主要論述了烏克蘭哥薩克的經(jīng)濟(jì)特點(diǎn)和政權(quán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。文章重點(diǎn)突出了烏克蘭哥薩克經(jīng)濟(jì)中不同經(jīng)濟(jì)成分的變化和蓋特曼政權(quán)內(nèi)部各個(gè)社會(huì)階層的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。另外,文章探討了烏克蘭哥薩克進(jìn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度改革和俄國(guó)對(duì)改革的干涉以及由此產(chǎn)生的影響。 第四部分,詳細(xì)分析了烏克蘭哥薩克外交的特點(diǎn)和不足,逐一分析了烏克蘭哥薩克與波蘭、俄國(guó)、土耳其——韃靼人的外交關(guān)系及其影響。文章還論述了烏克蘭哥薩克與其他國(guó)家的外交關(guān)系。 第五部分,綜述了烏克蘭哥薩克在歷史上的地位。烏克蘭哥薩克的活動(dòng)一方面深刻影響了當(dāng)時(shí)東歐局勢(shì)的變化,加速了不同政治體制國(guó)家的變化,而且打破了東歐的政治軍事平衡,另一方面,也對(duì)近代烏克蘭民族的形成和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重大影響,使烏克蘭民族的精神和思維深深地烙上了那個(gè)時(shí)代的痕跡。
[Abstract]:Ukrainian Cossack is an important political and military force in the late Middle Ages and early modern times of Eastern Europe. The activities of Ukrainian Cossack not only affected the historical development of Ukraine, but also had an important impact on the development of the situation in Eastern Europe in the late Middle Ages. First, the Ukrainian Cossack regime is the embryonic form of the Ukrainian nation-state. The Ukrainian people suffered from national subjugation until the late 17th century. This state of subjugation hindered the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation. Geithmann regime was established under various political influences. It has the characteristics of nation-state and promoted the formation and development of the modern Ukrainian nation. Secondly, the activities of Ukrainian Cossacks accelerated the change of the situation in Eastern Europe. Ukrainian Cossacks became the political and military breaking of Eastern Europe. The activities of the Ukrainian Cossacks also reflected the development trend of the struggle between agricultural civilization and nomadic civilization in the world history of the Middle Ages.
This paper focuses on various aspects of the formation and development of Ukrainian Cossacks. The article not only deals with the origin, characteristics and member analysis of Ukrainian Cossacks, but also makes a detailed analysis and investigation of the political and military system, economic and economic system, and diplomacy of the Ukrainian Cossacks regime. This paper also analyzes the important position of Ukraine in the geopolitics of Eastern Europe, and explains the influence of Ukraine's Cossack activities on the Ukrainian nation and the modern Ukrainian state. It is of great academic significance for us to understand and observe. The change of political situation in Eastern Europe provides a realistic reference value.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first part expounds the origin of the Ukrainian Cossacks. The article focuses on the historical and distribution areas of the Ukrainian Cossacks and the Russian Cossacks, and explains the relationship between them. Za Polo Geseci's importance in Cossack history.
The second part discusses the political and military system of the Ukrainian Cossack regime, focusing on the analysis of the characteristics of the military-political integration of the political system of the Ukrainian Cossack, and expounds in detail the organizational forms and principles of the three-level regime of the Ukrainian Cossack regime, as well as the characteristics of the administrative, judicial and financial systems.
The third part mainly discusses the economic characteristics of Ukraine's Cossack and its regime's economic system. The article highlights the changes of different economic components in Ukraine's Cossack economy and the economic status of various social strata within the Geithman regime. In addition, the article discusses the economic system reform carried out by Ukraine's Cossack and Russia's response to it. The interference of reform and the consequent influence.
In the fourth part, the characteristics and shortcomings of Ukraine's Cossack diplomacy are analyzed in detail, and the diplomatic relations between Ukraine's Cossack and Poland, Russia, Turkey-Tatars and their influences are analyzed one by one.
On the one hand, the activities of Ukrainian Cossacks profoundly influenced the changes of the situation in Eastern Europe at that time, accelerated the changes of countries with different political systems, and broke the political and military balance in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, the activities of Ukrainian Cossacks also exerted great influence on the formation and development of the modern Ukrainian nation. The great influence made Ukraine's spirit and thinking deeply branded on the traces of that era.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K511.3

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