新政時(shí)期的美國(guó)兒童局
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-19 15:09
【摘要】：19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初期,在美國(guó)工業(yè)化和城市化逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)的同時(shí),也出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的嬰幼兒的高死亡率和童工問(wèn)題。在進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期走向社會(huì)的婦女改革家們的努力下,美國(guó)兒童局于1912年成立。美國(guó)兒童局經(jīng)過(guò)前20年的發(fā)展,在美國(guó)新政時(shí)期逐漸走向興盛,為美國(guó)20世紀(jì)的兒童福利政策樹(shù)立了榜樣,促進(jìn)了美國(guó)兒童福利的改善和提高。本文主要論述在羅斯福新政這樣一個(gè)開(kāi)放的社會(huì)環(huán)境下,兒童局所進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)以及所發(fā)揮的作用和存在的一些局限性,以期為我國(guó)的兒童福利工作提供借鑒。本文共分四章: 第一章主要闡述羅斯福新政之前兒童局的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。在進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期,為了應(yīng)對(duì)嬰幼兒的高死亡率問(wèn)題和童工問(wèn)題,走向社會(huì)的婦女改革家們積極奔走促使國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了成立兒童局的法案。在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條之前,兒童局獲得初步發(fā)展,社會(huì)影響力增強(qiáng)。這一時(shí)期兒童局的活動(dòng)和成就為新政時(shí)期兒童局的迅速發(fā)展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 第二章著重論述兒童局在新政時(shí)期的活動(dòng)。經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條將兒童和兒童局都推入了一個(gè)艱難的境地,而羅斯福政府實(shí)施新政為兒童局的發(fā)展提供了有利的時(shí)機(jī)。兒童局參與制定《社會(huì)保障法》的兒童條款,并在法案的授權(quán)下,執(zhí)行母親和兒童健康、殘疾兒童和兒童福利等項(xiàng)目;同時(shí),兒童局為維護(hù)童工權(quán)益繼續(xù)努力。通過(guò)這些活動(dòng),兒童局由大蕭條下的低谷進(jìn)入了一個(gè)興盛時(shí)期。 第三章總結(jié)了新政時(shí)期兒童局興盛的各個(gè)因素。法律為兒童局提供了有力保障,掃除了某些不利因素;羅斯福政府為兒童局提供了開(kāi)放的社會(huì)環(huán)境和良好機(jī)遇;婦女政治家對(duì)兒童局的支持,使兒童局有了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的后盾。 最后結(jié)語(yǔ)部分評(píng)價(jià)了新政時(shí)期的兒童局。從正反兩方面對(duì)兒童局進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)析:這一時(shí)期的兒童局在其整個(gè)發(fā)展歷程上具有舉足輕重的地位,在美國(guó)兒童福利史上的重要性也非同一般,同時(shí)值得中國(guó)的兒童福利工作借鑒;另方面,兒童局在當(dāng)時(shí)仍遭遇了一些質(zhì)疑和批評(píng)。 總之,通過(guò)本文,不僅可以清晰地了解兒童局在美國(guó)兒童福利史上的重要地位,而且可為我國(guó)的兒童福利工作提供有益的借鑒,對(duì)我國(guó)的兒童福利工作具有重要的啟示。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, along with the gradual realization of industrialization and urbanization in the United States, there were also serious problems of high infant and child mortality and child labor. The American Children's Bureau was founded in 1912 through the efforts of progressive women reformers. After the development of the first 20 years, the Bureau of Children's Affairs in the United States gradually became prosperous during the New deal period, which set an example for the child welfare policy of the United States in the 20th century and promoted the improvement and improvement of the welfare of children in the United States. This paper mainly discusses the activities, functions and limitations of the Children's Bureau under the open social environment of Roosevelt's New deal, in order to provide reference for the work of children's welfare in our country. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter mainly describes the development of the Children's Bureau before the Roosevelt New deal. During the Progressive Movement, in response to high infant and child mortality and child labour, women reformers in society rushed to get Congress to pass a bill establishing the Children's Bureau. Before the Great Depression, the Children's Bureau gained initial development and increased social influence. The activities and achievements of the Children's Bureau during this period laid a good foundation for the rapid development of the Children's Bureau during the New deal. The second chapter focuses on the activities of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The Great Depression pushed both the Children's Bureau and the Children's Bureau into a difficult situation, and the New deal under the Roosevelt Administration provided a favourable opportunity for the development of the Bureau. The Children's Bureau participates in the formulation of the children's provisions of the Social Security Act and, under the authority of the Act, carries out projects such as the health of mothers and children, children with disabilities and the welfare of children; at the same time, it continues its efforts to safeguard the rights and interests of child labour. Through these activities, the Children's Bureau entered a period of prosperity from the trough of the Great Depression. The third chapter summarizes the factors of the prosperity of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The law provided strong protection for the Children's Bureau and cleared away some disadvantages; the Roosevelt Administration provided the Children's Bureau with an open social environment and good opportunities; and the support of women politicians for the Children's Bureau gave it a strong backing. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the children's bureau during the New deal period. A brief analysis of the Bureau of Children from both positive and negative aspects: the Bureau of Children in this period held a pivotal position in its entire development process, and was also of great importance in the history of child welfare in the United States. At the same time, it is worth learning from the child welfare work in China; on the other hand, the Children's Bureau still encountered some doubts and criticisms at that time. In a word, through this paper, we can not only understand clearly the important position of the Bureau of Children in the history of children's welfare in the United States, but also provide useful reference for the work of children's welfare in our country, and have important enlightenment to the work of children's welfare in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712.5
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, along with the gradual realization of industrialization and urbanization in the United States, there were also serious problems of high infant and child mortality and child labor. The American Children's Bureau was founded in 1912 through the efforts of progressive women reformers. After the development of the first 20 years, the Bureau of Children's Affairs in the United States gradually became prosperous during the New deal period, which set an example for the child welfare policy of the United States in the 20th century and promoted the improvement and improvement of the welfare of children in the United States. This paper mainly discusses the activities, functions and limitations of the Children's Bureau under the open social environment of Roosevelt's New deal, in order to provide reference for the work of children's welfare in our country. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter mainly describes the development of the Children's Bureau before the Roosevelt New deal. During the Progressive Movement, in response to high infant and child mortality and child labour, women reformers in society rushed to get Congress to pass a bill establishing the Children's Bureau. Before the Great Depression, the Children's Bureau gained initial development and increased social influence. The activities and achievements of the Children's Bureau during this period laid a good foundation for the rapid development of the Children's Bureau during the New deal. The second chapter focuses on the activities of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The Great Depression pushed both the Children's Bureau and the Children's Bureau into a difficult situation, and the New deal under the Roosevelt Administration provided a favourable opportunity for the development of the Bureau. The Children's Bureau participates in the formulation of the children's provisions of the Social Security Act and, under the authority of the Act, carries out projects such as the health of mothers and children, children with disabilities and the welfare of children; at the same time, it continues its efforts to safeguard the rights and interests of child labour. Through these activities, the Children's Bureau entered a period of prosperity from the trough of the Great Depression. The third chapter summarizes the factors of the prosperity of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The law provided strong protection for the Children's Bureau and cleared away some disadvantages; the Roosevelt Administration provided the Children's Bureau with an open social environment and good opportunities; and the support of women politicians for the Children's Bureau gave it a strong backing. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the children's bureau during the New deal period. A brief analysis of the Bureau of Children from both positive and negative aspects: the Bureau of Children in this period held a pivotal position in its entire development process, and was also of great importance in the history of child welfare in the United States. At the same time, it is worth learning from the child welfare work in China; on the other hand, the Children's Bureau still encountered some doubts and criticisms at that time. In a word, through this paper, we can not only understand clearly the important position of the Bureau of Children in the history of children's welfare in the United States, but also provide useful reference for the work of children's welfare in our country, and have important enlightenment to the work of children's welfare in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712.5
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條
1 姚建平,朱衛(wèi)東;美國(guó)兒童福利制度簡(jiǎn)析[J];青少年犯罪問(wèn)題;2005年05期
2 劉繼春;;美國(guó)白宮兒童福利會(huì)議和兒童福利局的職責(zé)與角色[J];青少年犯罪問(wèn)題;2009年03期
3 陸士楨,王s，
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