【摘要】：19世紀末20世紀初期,在美國工業(yè)化和城市化逐步實現(xiàn)的同時,也出現(xiàn)了嚴重的嬰幼兒的高死亡率和童工問題。在進步主義運動時期走向社會的婦女改革家們的努力下,美國兒童局于1912年成立。美國兒童局經(jīng)過前20年的發(fā)展,在美國新政時期逐漸走向興盛,為美國20世紀的兒童福利政策樹立了榜樣,促進了美國兒童福利的改善和提高。本文主要論述在羅斯福新政這樣一個開放的社會環(huán)境下,兒童局所進行的活動以及所發(fā)揮的作用和存在的一些局限性,以期為我國的兒童福利工作提供借鑒。本文共分四章: 第一章主要闡述羅斯福新政之前兒童局的發(fā)展狀況。在進步主義運動時期,為了應對嬰幼兒的高死亡率問題和童工問題,走向社會的婦女改革家們積極奔走促使國會通過了成立兒童局的法案。在經(jīng)濟大蕭條之前,兒童局獲得初步發(fā)展,社會影響力增強。這一時期兒童局的活動和成就為新政時期兒童局的迅速發(fā)展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 第二章著重論述兒童局在新政時期的活動。經(jīng)濟大蕭條將兒童和兒童局都推入了一個艱難的境地,而羅斯福政府實施新政為兒童局的發(fā)展提供了有利的時機。兒童局參與制定《社會保障法》的兒童條款,并在法案的授權(quán)下,執(zhí)行母親和兒童健康、殘疾兒童和兒童福利等項目;同時,兒童局為維護童工權(quán)益繼續(xù)努力。通過這些活動,兒童局由大蕭條下的低谷進入了一個興盛時期。 第三章總結(jié)了新政時期兒童局興盛的各個因素。法律為兒童局提供了有力保障,掃除了某些不利因素;羅斯福政府為兒童局提供了開放的社會環(huán)境和良好機遇;婦女政治家對兒童局的支持,使兒童局有了堅強的后盾。 最后結(jié)語部分評價了新政時期的兒童局。從正反兩方面對兒童局進行簡單評析:這一時期的兒童局在其整個發(fā)展歷程上具有舉足輕重的地位,在美國兒童福利史上的重要性也非同一般,同時值得中國的兒童福利工作借鑒;另方面,兒童局在當時仍遭遇了一些質(zhì)疑和批評。 總之,通過本文,不僅可以清晰地了解兒童局在美國兒童福利史上的重要地位,而且可為我國的兒童福利工作提供有益的借鑒,對我國的兒童福利工作具有重要的啟示。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, along with the gradual realization of industrialization and urbanization in the United States, there were also serious problems of high infant and child mortality and child labor. The American Children's Bureau was founded in 1912 through the efforts of progressive women reformers. After the development of the first 20 years, the Bureau of Children's Affairs in the United States gradually became prosperous during the New deal period, which set an example for the child welfare policy of the United States in the 20th century and promoted the improvement and improvement of the welfare of children in the United States. This paper mainly discusses the activities, functions and limitations of the Children's Bureau under the open social environment of Roosevelt's New deal, in order to provide reference for the work of children's welfare in our country. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter mainly describes the development of the Children's Bureau before the Roosevelt New deal. During the Progressive Movement, in response to high infant and child mortality and child labour, women reformers in society rushed to get Congress to pass a bill establishing the Children's Bureau. Before the Great Depression, the Children's Bureau gained initial development and increased social influence. The activities and achievements of the Children's Bureau during this period laid a good foundation for the rapid development of the Children's Bureau during the New deal. The second chapter focuses on the activities of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The Great Depression pushed both the Children's Bureau and the Children's Bureau into a difficult situation, and the New deal under the Roosevelt Administration provided a favourable opportunity for the development of the Bureau. The Children's Bureau participates in the formulation of the children's provisions of the Social Security Act and, under the authority of the Act, carries out projects such as the health of mothers and children, children with disabilities and the welfare of children; at the same time, it continues its efforts to safeguard the rights and interests of child labour. Through these activities, the Children's Bureau entered a period of prosperity from the trough of the Great Depression. The third chapter summarizes the factors of the prosperity of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The law provided strong protection for the Children's Bureau and cleared away some disadvantages; the Roosevelt Administration provided the Children's Bureau with an open social environment and good opportunities; and the support of women politicians for the Children's Bureau gave it a strong backing. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the children's bureau during the New deal period. A brief analysis of the Bureau of Children from both positive and negative aspects: the Bureau of Children in this period held a pivotal position in its entire development process, and was also of great importance in the history of child welfare in the United States. At the same time, it is worth learning from the child welfare work in China; on the other hand, the Children's Bureau still encountered some doubts and criticisms at that time. In a word, through this paper, we can not only understand clearly the important position of the Bureau of Children in the history of children's welfare in the United States, but also provide useful reference for the work of children's welfare in our country, and have important enlightenment to the work of children's welfare in our country.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K712.5

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本文編號：2250492