【摘要】：1911年10月,中國(guó)爆發(fā)了辛亥革命,帝國(guó)主義列強(qiáng)利用中國(guó)動(dòng)蕩的局勢(shì)再一次掀起侵華浪潮。沙俄首先借機(jī)將中國(guó)外蒙古地方分裂出去,并通過逼簽《俄蒙協(xié)約》和《中俄聲明文件》,使外蒙古在名義上獲得"自治",而實(shí)際上將其變成了沙俄的保護(hù)國(guó)和殖民地。英國(guó)也借機(jī)圖謀將中國(guó)西藏地方分裂出去。為此目的,英國(guó)政府一方面脅迫中國(guó)政府和西藏地方當(dāng)局舉行西姆拉三方會(huì)議,逼簽由其炮制的所謂"西姆拉條約"(于1914年4月27日草簽),為其分裂西藏制造"條約依據(jù)";另一方面,因草簽的"西姆拉條約"違背了1907年英俄《西藏協(xié)定》,為使"西姆拉條約"得以成立,英國(guó)政府向俄國(guó)政府提出修訂《西藏協(xié)定》的要求,意在廢除協(xié)定中不利于英國(guó)的規(guī)定。俄國(guó)政府經(jīng)研究后,指出,倘若英國(guó)欲修改《西藏協(xié)定》,則俄國(guó)要求英國(guó)承認(rèn)北滿洲、蒙古和中國(guó)西部為俄國(guó)獨(dú)占的勢(shì)力范圍,并要求修改《英俄協(xié)約》中的阿富汗部分,以保障俄國(guó)在阿富汗北部的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。正當(dāng)英俄兩國(guó)躊躇滿志地商定互換照會(huì)、相互承認(rèn)各自在西藏和阿富汗的某些權(quán)益之時(shí),傳來中國(guó)政府?dāng)嗳�、�?yán)正拒絕正式簽署"西姆拉條約",三方談判破裂的消息,英俄兩國(guó)圍繞中國(guó)西藏的政治交易隨之告吹。
[Abstract]:In October 1911, the 1911 Revolution broke out in China, and imperialist powers took advantage of the turbulent situation in China to set off another wave of aggression against China. Czarist Russia first took the opportunity to split China's outer Mongolia, and by forcing the signing of the Treaty between Russia and Mongolia and the Sino-Russian Declaration document, Outer Mongolia gained "autonomy" in name, but in fact turned it into a protectorate and a colony of Czarist Russia. Britain also took the opportunity to plot to separate Tibet from China. To this end, the British Government, on the one hand, coerces the Chinese Government and the local authorities in Tibet to hold a tripartite meeting in Simla, Forcing the signing of the so-called "Treaty of Simla" (initialled on 27 April 1914) to create a "treaty basis" for its division of Tibet; on the other hand, The initialled "Simla Treaty" violated the 1907 Anglo-Russian Agreement on Tibet. In order to establish the "Simla Treaty", the British Government made a request to the Russian Government to amend the Tibet Agreement, with the intention of repealing the provisions of the Agreement which were not conducive to Britain. After study, the Russian government pointed out that if Britain wants to amend the Tibet Agreement, Russia will demand that Britain recognize northern Manchuria, Mongolia and western China as the exclusive Russian sphere of influence, and that the Afghan part of the British-Russian Compact be amended. To protect Russia's economic interests in northern Afghanistan. At a time when Britain and Russia were complacently agreeing to exchange notes and recognize each other's rights and interests in Tibet and Afghanistan, there was news that the Chinese Government had categorically refused to formally sign the "Simla Treaty" and that the tripartite negotiations had broken down. The political deal between Britain and Russia over China's Tibet collapsed.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院近代史研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：K142

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