外部援助與埃及經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型探析（1956-1981）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-04 19:35
【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,世界各地掀起了爭(zhēng)取民族獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)的高潮。此時(shí)的埃及,蘇伊士運(yùn)河還在英、法等國(guó)的占領(lǐng)之下。1956年納賽爾總統(tǒng)宣布運(yùn)河國(guó)有,拉開了埃及收回經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán)的序幕。不久,第二次中東戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā),美國(guó)和世界銀行此前答應(yīng)援建阿斯旺大壩的承諾也隨之取消。 在何去何從的抉擇時(shí)刻,追求獨(dú)立的埃及接受了蘇聯(lián)的盛情。在20世紀(jì)50年代末到70年代初的將近20年的時(shí)間里,以蘇聯(lián)為首的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家成為埃及的主要援助國(guó)。蘇聯(lián)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)模式傳入埃及。外部援助是一國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)外交政策的手段之一,它同政治、軍事手段一樣,服務(wù)于國(guó)家利益。正所謂,天下沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。蘇聯(lián)的援助,使埃及受制于它的全球戰(zhàn)略,成為蘇聯(lián)維護(hù)中東局勢(shì),對(duì)抗以色列和美國(guó)勢(shì)力的前沿。 20世紀(jì)70年代,國(guó)內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況讓埃及進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)到,計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)模式已經(jīng)不適應(yīng)發(fā)展的要求,無休止的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)又迫使經(jīng)濟(jì)幾近崩潰的邊緣。蘇聯(lián)的武器援助和阿拉伯國(guó)家的“涓滴”援助政策只能滿足埃及的一時(shí)之需,不能使埃及徹底擺脫貧困的泥沼。 薩達(dá)特上臺(tái)后,改革經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式,實(shí)施了以西方為導(dǎo)向的開放政策,推行市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì);結(jié)束對(duì)以色列的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),在美國(guó)的調(diào)解下進(jìn)行和談;轉(zhuǎn)而選擇美國(guó)為外部援助的主要來源。這一系列大動(dòng)作,是國(guó)內(nèi)外因素共同作用的結(jié)果,不但轉(zhuǎn)變了埃及的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式,贏得了和平的發(fā)展環(huán)境,還收獲了豐厚的援助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),吸引了外國(guó)資本。這種轉(zhuǎn)變順應(yīng)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),是埃及由世界經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的邊緣向中心的主動(dòng)靠攏。 因此,外部援助和埃及的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型是辯證統(tǒng)一,互為因果的關(guān)系。外部援助給埃及的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式帶來深刻的影響,同時(shí),埃及的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要也決定了外部援助的必要性和來源。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the movement for national independence rose all over the world. In Egypt, the Suez Canal was still under occupation by Britain and France. In 1956, President Al-Nasser declared the canal national, opening Egypt's return to economic sovereignty. Shortly after the second Middle East war broke out, the United States and the World Bank cancelled their commitments to help build the Aswan Dam. At a time of choice, an independent Egypt accepted the Soviet Union's hospitality. For nearly 20 years from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, the Soviet-led socialist countries became major donors to Egypt. The planned economy of the Soviet Union was introduced into Egypt. External assistance is one of the means for a country to realize its foreign policy. It serves the national interests like political and military means. As it is called, there is no free lunch in the world. The aid of the Soviet Union made Egypt subject to its global strategy and became the frontier for the Soviet Union to safeguard the situation in the Middle East and confront Israeli and American forces. In the 1970s, the domestic economic situation made Egypt further realize that The planned economy is no longer fit for development, and endless wars force the economy to close to collapse. The arms aid of the Soviet Union and the "trickle-down" aid policy of the Arab countries can only meet the needs of Egypt for the time being, and can not completely lift Egypt out of the quagmire of poverty. After Sadat came to power, he reformed the mode of economic development, carried out a western-oriented open policy, carried out a market economy, ended the war against Israel, conducted peace talks under the mediation of the United States, and chose the United States as the main source of external assistance. This series of major actions is the result of the joint action of domestic and foreign factors, which not only changed Egypt's economic development model, won a peaceful development environment, but also received generous aid awards and attracted foreign capital. This change conforms to the development trend of the world economy and is Egypt's active approach from the edge of the world economic order to the center. Therefore, external aid and Egypt's economic transformation are dialectical unity, the relationship between cause and effect. The external aid has a profound influence on Egypt's economic development model. Meanwhile, the need for Egypt's economic development also determines the necessity and source of external aid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K411
本文編號(hào)：2223135
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the movement for national independence rose all over the world. In Egypt, the Suez Canal was still under occupation by Britain and France. In 1956, President Al-Nasser declared the canal national, opening Egypt's return to economic sovereignty. Shortly after the second Middle East war broke out, the United States and the World Bank cancelled their commitments to help build the Aswan Dam. At a time of choice, an independent Egypt accepted the Soviet Union's hospitality. For nearly 20 years from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, the Soviet-led socialist countries became major donors to Egypt. The planned economy of the Soviet Union was introduced into Egypt. External assistance is one of the means for a country to realize its foreign policy. It serves the national interests like political and military means. As it is called, there is no free lunch in the world. The aid of the Soviet Union made Egypt subject to its global strategy and became the frontier for the Soviet Union to safeguard the situation in the Middle East and confront Israeli and American forces. In the 1970s, the domestic economic situation made Egypt further realize that The planned economy is no longer fit for development, and endless wars force the economy to close to collapse. The arms aid of the Soviet Union and the "trickle-down" aid policy of the Arab countries can only meet the needs of Egypt for the time being, and can not completely lift Egypt out of the quagmire of poverty. After Sadat came to power, he reformed the mode of economic development, carried out a western-oriented open policy, carried out a market economy, ended the war against Israel, conducted peace talks under the mediation of the United States, and chose the United States as the main source of external assistance. This series of major actions is the result of the joint action of domestic and foreign factors, which not only changed Egypt's economic development model, won a peaceful development environment, but also received generous aid awards and attracted foreign capital. This change conforms to the development trend of the world economy and is Egypt's active approach from the edge of the world economic order to the center. Therefore, external aid and Egypt's economic transformation are dialectical unity, the relationship between cause and effect. The external aid has a profound influence on Egypt's economic development model. Meanwhile, the need for Egypt's economic development also determines the necessity and source of external aid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K411
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 王躍蓁;美國(guó)對(duì)埃及援助及美埃關(guān)系研究（1969-1977）[D];暨南大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2223135
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