【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)結束后,世界各地掀起了爭取民族獨立運動的高潮。此時的埃及,蘇伊士運河還在英、法等國的占領之下。1956年納賽爾總統(tǒng)宣布運河國有,拉開了埃及收回經濟主權的序幕。不久,第二次中東戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),美國和世界銀行此前答應援建阿斯旺大壩的承諾也隨之取消。 在何去何從的抉擇時刻,追求獨立的埃及接受了蘇聯的盛情。在20世紀50年代末到70年代初的將近20年的時間里,以蘇聯為首的社會主義國家成為埃及的主要援助國。蘇聯的計劃經濟模式傳入埃及。外部援助是一國實現外交政策的手段之一,它同政治、軍事手段一樣,服務于國家利益。正所謂,天下沒有免費的午餐。蘇聯的援助,使埃及受制于它的全球戰(zhàn)略,成為蘇聯維護中東局勢,對抗以色列和美國勢力的前沿。 20世紀70年代,國內的經濟狀況讓埃及進一步認識到,計劃經濟模式已經不適應發(fā)展的要求,無休止的戰(zhàn)爭又迫使經濟幾近崩潰的邊緣。蘇聯的武器援助和阿拉伯國家的“涓滴”援助政策只能滿足埃及的一時之需,不能使埃及徹底擺脫貧困的泥沼。 薩達特上臺后,改革經濟發(fā)展模式,實施了以西方為導向的開放政策,推行市場經濟;結束對以色列的戰(zhàn)爭,在美國的調解下進行和談;轉而選擇美國為外部援助的主要來源。這一系列大動作,是國內外因素共同作用的結果,不但轉變了埃及的經濟發(fā)展模式,贏得了和平的發(fā)展環(huán)境,還收獲了豐厚的援助獎勵,吸引了外國資本。這種轉變順應了世界經濟的發(fā)展趨勢,是埃及由世界經濟秩序的邊緣向中心的主動靠攏。 因此,外部援助和埃及的經濟轉型是辯證統(tǒng)一,互為因果的關系。外部援助給埃及的經濟發(fā)展模式帶來深刻的影響,同時,埃及的經濟發(fā)展需要也決定了外部援助的必要性和來源。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the movement for national independence rose all over the world. In Egypt, the Suez Canal was still under occupation by Britain and France. In 1956, President Al-Nasser declared the canal national, opening Egypt's return to economic sovereignty. Shortly after the second Middle East war broke out, the United States and the World Bank cancelled their commitments to help build the Aswan Dam. At a time of choice, an independent Egypt accepted the Soviet Union's hospitality. For nearly 20 years from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, the Soviet-led socialist countries became major donors to Egypt. The planned economy of the Soviet Union was introduced into Egypt. External assistance is one of the means for a country to realize its foreign policy. It serves the national interests like political and military means. As it is called, there is no free lunch in the world. The aid of the Soviet Union made Egypt subject to its global strategy and became the frontier for the Soviet Union to safeguard the situation in the Middle East and confront Israeli and American forces. In the 1970s, the domestic economic situation made Egypt further realize that The planned economy is no longer fit for development, and endless wars force the economy to close to collapse. The arms aid of the Soviet Union and the "trickle-down" aid policy of the Arab countries can only meet the needs of Egypt for the time being, and can not completely lift Egypt out of the quagmire of poverty. After Sadat came to power, he reformed the mode of economic development, carried out a western-oriented open policy, carried out a market economy, ended the war against Israel, conducted peace talks under the mediation of the United States, and chose the United States as the main source of external assistance. This series of major actions is the result of the joint action of domestic and foreign factors, which not only changed Egypt's economic development model, won a peaceful development environment, but also received generous aid awards and attracted foreign capital. This change conforms to the development trend of the world economy and is Egypt's active approach from the edge of the world economic order to the center. Therefore, external aid and Egypt's economic transformation are dialectical unity, the relationship between cause and effect. The external aid has a profound influence on Egypt's economic development model. Meanwhile, the need for Egypt's economic development also determines the necessity and source of external aid.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K411

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 王躍蓁;美國對埃及援助及美埃關系研究（1969-1977）[D];暨南大學;2012年

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本文編號：2223135