【摘要】：近代早期(1485～1640)英國的海外殖民擴張大致經歷了如下幾個階段：北方航道的探險、大西洋上的海盜冒險、伊麗莎白時期的愛爾蘭和美洲殖民、斯圖亞特早期的愛爾蘭和美洲殖民及對東方的貿易擴張等。經過一個半世紀的努力,英國崛起為一個強大的殖民和貿易帝國。 英國海外殖民擴張的成功離不開宗教因素的推動。具體來說,一是為了追求宗教理想而殖民。英國人一方面希望向外傳播上帝的福音,以新教思想教化其他民族,另一方面希望在《圣經》的指示下,在新大陸建立理想的基督王國。二是為了躲避宗教迫害而殖民。持續(xù)不斷的宗教斗爭是近代早期英國最顯著的特征之一,為了尋求宗教自由和躲避宗教迫害,向外殖民成為一條重要出路。三是為了對抗天主教強權而殖民。英國宗教改革開始后,天主教集團對英國進行政治和經濟上的封鎖,企圖把新教英國扼殺在襁褓之中。面臨生死存亡的英國人不得不尋求自強,開辟海外殖民地是其戰(zhàn)略選擇之一。新教殖民地的開辟不僅能給西班牙的美洲殖民地以實實在在的威脅,而且為壯大方興未艾的新教勢力開拓了道路。 由于上述宗教因素的推動,近代早期英國的殖民擴張表現出鮮明的特點。其一,分布在美洲和愛爾蘭的諸多殖民地具有宗教派別各異的特征：其二,宗教通過與初生的現代民族主義和重商主義之間的互動推動了殖民擴張更為迅速和深入地發(fā)展。上述特點產生的影響也是巨大的,不僅新教思想隨著殖民者的足跡傳播到世界各地,而且還間接促成了被殖民地區(qū)社會文化的劇烈變革,從而催生了新的近代民族。此外,從宏觀上講,歐洲的殖民擴張在近代以來五百年的時間里使基督教突破自然地理和地緣政治的限制,走向了全世界。在宗教與殖民擴張二者相互推動的過程中,彼此都實現了蛻變和發(fā)展。一方面是宗教與現代資本主義相契合,完成了自身的現代化：另一方面則是殖民擴張在新教思想的推動下具有了新的內涵。
[Abstract]:In the early modern times (1485 / 1640), the British overseas colonization spread through the following stages: the exploration of the northern waterway, the adventures of pirates in the Atlantic, and the colonization of Ireland and America in Elizabeth's time. Stuart's early colonization of Ireland and America and his expansion of trade with the East. After a century and a half of effort, Britain emerged as a powerful colonial and trading empire. The success of Britain's overseas colonial expansion could not be achieved without the promotion of religious factors. Specifically, the first is to pursue religious ideals and colonization. On the one hand, the British wanted to spread the gospel of God and educate other nations with Protestant ideas. On the other hand, they hoped to establish an ideal kingdom of Christ in the New World under the instruction of the Bible. Second, to avoid religious persecution and colonization. The continuous religious struggle was one of the most prominent features of early modern England. In order to seek religious freedom and avoid religious persecution, colonization became an important way out. Third, colonization against Catholic power. After the beginning of the Reformation, Catholic groups imposed a political and economic blockade on Britain in an attempt to strangle Protestant Britain in its infancy. Faced with the survival of the British have to seek self-improvement, overseas colonization is one of their strategic options. The opening of Protestant colonies not only posed a real threat to Spain's American colonies, but also opened the way for the growing Protestantism. As a result of the above religious factors, British colonial expansion in early modern times showed distinct characteristics. First, many colonies in America and Ireland have different religious denominations. Second, religion promotes the rapid and deep development of colonial expansion through the interaction with modern nationalism and mercantilism. The influence of the above characteristics is also great. Not only the Protestant thought spread to the world with the colonists' footprints, but also indirectly promoted the drastic change of the social culture in the colonized area, thus gave birth to the new modern nation. In addition, from a macro point of view, the colonial expansion of Europe made Christianity break through the limitations of natural geography and geopolitics in the 500 years since modern times, and went to the whole world. In the process of mutual promotion between religion and colonial expansion, both achieved transformation and development. On the one hand, religion coincides with modern capitalism and completes its own modernization; on the other hand, colonial expansion has a new connotation under the promotion of Protestantism.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K561

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