【摘要】：18世紀(jì)中葉到19世紀(jì)中期，英國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展的顯著特點(diǎn)是貴族地主階級(jí)長(zhǎng)期地把持著政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)特權(quán)，政治上的穩(wěn)定及優(yōu)勢(shì)為經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這一時(shí)期，英國(guó)貴族地主階級(jí)對(duì)煤礦的投資與經(jīng)營(yíng)，在其經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中占據(jù)著重要的地位。到19世紀(jì)末期，由于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與階級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，隨著貴族政治特權(quán)的落失、貴族大地產(chǎn)制的解體和貴族體制的更新，，英國(guó)貴族在煤礦業(yè)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)也隨之喪失。國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)英國(guó)貴族和煤炭工業(yè)的研究很多，但鮮有專門對(duì)近代英國(guó)貴族在煤炭業(yè)中所起的作用進(jìn)行研究。鑒于此，本文試圖通過(guò)對(duì)18世紀(jì)中葉到19世紀(jì)末，英國(guó)貴族投資經(jīng)營(yíng)煤礦的情況作概述及簡(jiǎn)要分析，以期對(duì)這一時(shí)期英國(guó)貴族在采煤業(yè)中所起的作用，以及對(duì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)及其它方面所產(chǎn)生的影響作初步的認(rèn)識(shí)。 本文第一部分主要介紹了英國(guó)貴族寡頭體制形成的過(guò)程、確立及其原因；貴族大地產(chǎn)制形成的歷史背景，以及資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命后的大地產(chǎn)制同舊的封建土地制度的不同之處；煤炭開采為貴族地主階級(jí)所創(chuàng)造的利潤(rùn)在其經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源中所占的重要地位，以及煤炭在工業(yè)革命中的作用。政治上的特權(quán)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的優(yōu)勢(shì)為英國(guó)貴族地主階級(jí)投資煤礦奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分則介紹了這一時(shí)期英國(guó)貴族所擁有的煤礦的主要分布情況；貴族對(duì)煤礦的投資和煤炭的開采概況，及這一時(shí)期各個(gè)地區(qū)具體的煤炭產(chǎn)量；貴族對(duì)煤礦的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況。在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)英國(guó)貴族投資經(jīng)營(yíng)煤礦的情況作了簡(jiǎn)要的闡述。 第三部分討論了英國(guó)貴族地主階級(jí)投資經(jīng)營(yíng)煤礦在這一時(shí)期所產(chǎn)生的諸多影響。分別從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技創(chuàng)新、運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展及煤炭業(yè)中所存在的勞工問(wèn)題這幾個(gè)方面展開。
[Abstract]:From the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, the prominent characteristic of the social development of England was that the aristocratic landlord class held the political and economic privileges for a long time, and the political stability and superiority laid the foundation for the prosperity and development of the economy. During this period, the investment and management of coal mines by the British aristocratic landlord class occupied an important position in its economic field. By the end of 19th century, because of the change of social economy and class structure, with the loss of aristocratic political privilege, the disintegration of aristocratic property system and the renewal of aristocratic system, the superiority of British aristocrats in coal mining was also lost. There are a lot of studies on British aristocracy and coal industry at home and abroad, but there are few researches on the role of modern British aristocracy in coal industry. In view of this, this paper attempts to summarize and analyze briefly the situation of British aristocrats investing in and managing coal mines from the middle of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century, with a view to the role played by the British aristocrats in the mining industry during this period, as well as to the politics. Economic and other aspects of the impact of the preliminary understanding. The first part of this paper mainly introduces the formation process, the establishment and the reason of the British aristocratic oligarchic system, the historical background of the formation of the aristocratic real estate system, and the differences between the big real estate system after the bourgeois revolution and the old feudal land system. The important position of coal mining in its economic source and the role of coal in the industrial revolution. Political privilege and economic superiority laid the foundation for the British aristocratic landlord class to invest in coal mines. The second part introduces the main distribution of the coal mines owned by the British aristocrats in this period, the investment of the nobility in the coal mines and the general situation of the mining of coal, and the specific coal production of each region in this period, and the management of the coal mines by the nobility. On this basis, the British aristocracy to invest in the operation of coal mines made a brief description. The third part discusses the influence of British aristocratic landlord class investment in coal mine management in this period. From the political, economic, scientific and technological innovation, the development of transport industry and coal industry labor problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F416.21;K561.4;F416.1

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