【摘要】： 在愛(ài)爾蘭“年輕”的外交史中,愛(ài)爾蘭在二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期實(shí)行的中立外交具有重要的地位,并對(duì)二戰(zhàn)后的外交政策產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。愛(ài)爾蘭在二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的中立是在特定的歷史環(huán)境下由一系列原因造成的,作為一個(gè)海洋國(guó)家、一個(gè)英聯(lián)邦成員國(guó)、一個(gè)與英國(guó)關(guān)系如此密切的國(guó)家,它在二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的中立具有明顯不同于其它國(guó)家之處,它的背景原因、中立政策和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的地位變化均有自己的特色。 本文試圖將小國(guó)外交放到一個(gè)宏觀的歷史背景下,通過(guò)對(duì)二戰(zhàn)進(jìn)程的演變及大國(guó)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的變化的闡述,理解這樣一個(gè)地緣戰(zhàn)略位置極其重要但又國(guó)微勢(shì)弱的中立國(guó)在面對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及動(dòng)亂時(shí),如何在大國(guó)的夾縫中求生存、圖自保。從而一方面,可以在較宏觀地理解二戰(zhàn)全景的同時(shí),更深刻地理解戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的中立及中立外交;另一方面,在給當(dāng)代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平問(wèn)題給予啟示的同時(shí),也可以以一種換位思考的方式來(lái)正確認(rèn)識(shí)大國(guó)與小國(guó)的利益關(guān)系。除緒論外,本文分三個(gè)部分進(jìn)行論述。 緒論部分主要論述本文的研究意義,簡(jiǎn)單介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)本課題的學(xué)術(shù)研究情況,并就本文的“愛(ài)爾蘭”、“中立”概念做簡(jiǎn)單界定。 第一部分,簡(jiǎn)述二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,愛(ài)爾蘭中立政策的實(shí)施及原因,。中立的原因主要包括愛(ài)爾蘭國(guó)微勢(shì)弱的小國(guó)特性、政策制訂、實(shí)施者的個(gè)人因素、歷史上與英國(guó)的糾葛以及與北愛(ài)爾蘭分裂的問(wèn)題等。 第二部分,主要闡述愛(ài)爾蘭的中立政策在二戰(zhàn)中推行的過(guò)程。根據(jù)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)進(jìn)程、大國(guó)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)及愛(ài)爾蘭政策的變化可以將該過(guò)程分為三個(gè)階段:從德國(guó)入侵波蘭到德國(guó)進(jìn)攻低地國(guó)家時(shí)的“假戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”時(shí)期的中立;從德國(guó)入侵法國(guó)到德國(guó)在斯大林格勒會(huì)戰(zhàn)中的失敗即“愛(ài)爾蘭危急”時(shí)期的愛(ài)爾蘭中立;從德國(guó)在斯大林格勒會(huì)戰(zhàn)的失敗到德國(guó)投降這一階段的“納粹德國(guó)失敗”時(shí)期的愛(ài)爾蘭中立。 第三部分,簡(jiǎn)述二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,愛(ài)爾蘭中立的結(jié)果,并對(duì)這一中立政策分階段作簡(jiǎn)要的評(píng)價(jià),進(jìn)而得出愛(ài)爾蘭的中立具有“有固定偏向但較完整的戰(zhàn)時(shí)中立”性質(zhì)及四個(gè)典型特點(diǎn)的結(jié)論。 結(jié)束語(yǔ)里主要認(rèn)為愛(ài)爾蘭全程堅(jiān)持的中立并非明智之舉,進(jìn)而反思國(guó)家身份地位與國(guó)家利益的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In the history of "young" Irish diplomacy, Ireland's neutral diplomacy during World War II played an important role and had a profound influence on its foreign policy after World War II. Ireland's neutrality during World War II was caused by a number of factors in a given historical context, as a maritime nation, a member of the Commonwealth, a country so close to Britain. Its neutrality during World War II is obviously different from other countries, and its background reasons, neutral policy and the change of its position in the war have its own characteristics. This paper attempts to put the diplomacy of small countries in a macro historical background, through the evolution of the process of World War II and the changes in the strategic objectives of the great powers. To understand how a neutral country with such a geo-strategic position is extremely important but weak in the face of war and turmoil how to survive in the gap between the great powers is an attempt to protect itself. Thus, on the one hand, we can understand the panorama of World War II at the same time, we can have a deeper understanding of neutrality and neutral diplomacy in war; on the other hand, we can give enlightenment to contemporary issues of war and peace at the same time. It is also possible to correctly understand the interests of large and small countries in a way of transposing thinking. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into three parts to discuss. The introduction part mainly discusses the research significance of this paper, briefly introduces the academic research situation of this subject at home and abroad, and makes a simple definition of the concepts of "Ireland" and "neutrality" in this paper. The first part briefly describes the implementation and reasons of Ireland's neutrality policy after the outbreak of World War II. The main reasons for neutrality include the small and weak state of Ireland, the policy making, the personal factors of the implementers, the historical disputes with Britain and the problem of division with Northern Ireland. The second part mainly expounds the process of Ireland's neutral policy in World War II. According to the process of war, the strategic goal of great powers and the change of Irish policy can be divided into three stages: from the German invasion of Poland to the neutrality of the "false war" period when Germany attacked the lowland countries; From the German invasion of France to Germany's defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad, Ireland was neutral during the "Irish crisis"; From the defeat of Germany in Stalingrad to the neutrality of Ireland in the stage of Nazi Germany's defeat. The third part briefly describes the results of Ireland's neutrality after World War II, and gives a brief evaluation of this neutrality policy in stages. The conclusion that Ireland's neutrality has the character of "fixed bias but complete wartime neutrality" and four typical characteristics is obtained. In the concluding remarks, the author thinks that it is not wise for Ireland to insist on neutrality all the time, and then to reflect on the relationship between national status and national interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K562.5

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