【摘要】：巴黎,這座遐邇聞名的歷史名城及現(xiàn)代化國(guó)際大都市,以它獨(dú)有的、非凡的城市建設(shè)規(guī)劃的藝術(shù)魅力在世界城市建設(shè)史中占有極其重要的地位,為人類文明史書寫了光輝燦爛的一頁(yè),成為世界大都市中一顆璀璨的明珠。翻開歷史的巨卷,一個(gè)兩千多年以前以西岱島為中心,占地面積僅為0.5平方千米的小漁村,經(jīng)過(guò)世世代代的興亡盛衰、繁衍發(fā)展,最終成為一座現(xiàn)代化大都市。滄海桑田,斗轉(zhuǎn)星移,巴黎城市歷史的沿革和變遷以及她的建設(shè)和發(fā)展為人類現(xiàn)代大都市的規(guī)劃、建設(shè)和發(fā)展提供了全面的思考、借鑒和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。19世紀(jì)中葉,隨著拿破侖三世執(zhí)政的第二帝國(guó)的建立,在奧斯曼引導(dǎo)的城市改造運(yùn)動(dòng)中,巴黎經(jīng)歷了重大的變化,城市化進(jìn)程顯著加快,大量的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力涌入城市,鐵路運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)逐步完善。巴黎在此期間經(jīng)歷了它歷史上最大的變化。本文選取“下層社會(huì)”的角度,作為一種社會(huì)研究的方法,以自下而上的史觀去探究19世紀(jì)第二帝國(guó)巴黎城市化進(jìn)程最快時(shí)期的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,揭示社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型背后的現(xiàn)實(shí)、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)變以及社會(huì)階級(jí)之間沖突的真正原因。第一章介紹了第二帝國(guó)時(shí)期巴黎的歷史背景,詳細(xì)介紹了第二帝國(guó)時(shí)期交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。銀行體制改革也是第二帝國(guó)時(shí)期經(jīng)濟(jì)變革的重大標(biāo)志。巴黎作為法國(guó)首都也必然受到了工業(yè)革命深遠(yuǎn)的影響。奧斯曼所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的巴黎改造運(yùn)動(dòng)都是這一時(shí)期重大的歷史事件,對(duì)整個(gè)巴黎的發(fā)展有著重大的意義。第二章從社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)角度分析了法國(guó)大革命后法國(guó)社會(huì)從傳統(tǒng)型向現(xiàn)代型的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變問(wèn)題。筆者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)突出的特征是開放性、流動(dòng)性以及社會(huì)成員的水平流動(dòng)和垂直流動(dòng)的空間顯著提升。各種不同的社會(huì)群體和成員依據(jù)新的社會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、權(quán)力、財(cái)富、聲望和職業(yè)等確立自己的地位及與其他社會(huì)群體、成員的關(guān)系,由此建立新的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的框架。第三章重點(diǎn)刻畫了巴黎下層民眾的日常生活,筆者探討了帝國(guó)時(shí)期巴黎下層民眾的住宅情況,下層階級(jí)婦女狀況以及他們的日常交往,最后探究了商品化的“景觀和休閑”對(duì)下層民眾的影響。第四章重點(diǎn)闡述了巴黎下層社會(huì)與上層社會(huì)矛盾加劇與割裂的情況。社會(huì)思潮的沖突日益顯著,經(jīng)濟(jì)分化日趨嚴(yán)重,新聞控管日趨緊張,下層階級(jí)在藝術(shù)作品中的表達(dá)以及分析了下層階級(jí)與上層階級(jí)社會(huì)心態(tài)的不同。
[Abstract]:Paris, a famous historic city and a modern international metropolis, occupies an extremely important position in the history of world urban construction with its unique, extraordinary artistic charm of urban construction planning. Wrote a brilliant page for the history of human civilization, becoming a bright pearl in the world metropolis. Turning over the huge volume of history, a small fishing village with a small fishing village covering an area of only 0.5 square kilometers, which was centered more than 2,000 years ago on the island of Xidai, has become a modern metropolis after generations of rise and fall, prosperity and decline, and prosperity and development. The history and changes of Paris city and its construction and development have provided comprehensive thinking for the planning, construction and development of modern metropolis, drawing lessons from and experiences in the middle of the 19th century. With the establishment of the second Empire under Napoleon III, Paris underwent major changes in the Ottoman-led urban transformation movement, the process of urbanization accelerated significantly, and a large number of rural laborers poured into the city. The railway transportation system was gradually improved. Paris experienced the greatest change in its history during this period. From the perspective of "lower society", as a method of social research, this paper explores the social phenomena in the fastest period of the urbanization process of Paris in the second Reich in the 19th century, and reveals the reality behind the social transformation with the view of history from the bottom to the top. The transformation of social structure and the real cause of social class conflict. The first chapter introduces the historical background of Paris in the second Reich period and the development of transportation and agriculture in the second Reich period. The reform of the banking system was also a major symbol of economic change in the second Reich. Paris, as the capital of France, must have been deeply influenced by the Industrial Revolution. The transformation movement of Paris led by Ottoman is an important historical event of this period, which is of great significance to the development of the whole Paris. The second chapter analyzes the transformation of the French society from traditional to modern from the angle of sociology and political science. The author thinks that the prominent features of modern social structure are openness, mobility and the space of horizontal and vertical mobility of social members. Various social groups and members establish their own status and relations with other social groups and members according to the new social standards, power, wealth, prestige and occupation, thus establishing the framework of new social structure. The third chapter focuses on depicting the daily life of the lower class in Paris. The author discusses the housing situation of the lower class of Paris during the imperial period, the situation of women in the lower class and their daily contact. Finally, it explores the impact of commercialized landscape and leisure on the lower class. Chapter four focuses on the intensification and division of the contradiction between the lower and upper classes of Paris. The conflict of social trend of thought is becoming more and more obvious, the economic differentiation is becoming more and more serious, the control of news is becoming more and more tense, the expression of the lower class in the works of art and the difference of the social mentality between the lower class and the upper class are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K565.4
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本文編號(hào)：2206873