柏林城市軌道交通發(fā)展研究（1897-1929）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-17 08:32
【摘要】： 從1897年西門(mén)子哈爾斯克與德意志銀行共同斥資建立高鐵公司,正式開(kāi)啟柏林地區(qū)的城市軌道建設(shè)與運(yùn)營(yíng)；到1929年柏林交通股份公司(BVG)成立,柏林的城市軌道交通與其它兩大交通系統(tǒng)(有軌電車(chē)、公共汽車(chē))一同構(gòu)成面向大眾的通達(dá)城市公共交通體系,盡管期間經(jīng)歷了一戰(zhàn)的停頓及戰(zhàn)后的再起步,這一時(shí)期(1897-1929)依然是柏林城市軌道交通首輪,同時(shí)也是柏林城市交通歷史上最為蓬勃的大發(fā)展時(shí)期,期間城市軌道交通線(xiàn)網(wǎng)的增加與擴(kuò)展甚至奠定了今日柏林城市軌道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的半壁江山。 更為重要的是,這一時(shí)期的柏林城市軌道交通經(jīng)歷了從帝國(guó)時(shí)代的私人經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)物起步,到私人與地方資本并存,并在魏瑪共和國(guó)時(shí)期為柏林市政當(dāng)局所有從而奠定“公共產(chǎn)品”屬性的徹底轉(zhuǎn)型之路。由于新興的城市軌道交通對(duì)工業(yè)化城市城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)的巨大沖擊,及相互間的緊密互動(dòng)作用,因此無(wú)可避免地會(huì)與地方政府(亦即城市)政策導(dǎo)向發(fā)生密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。因此,軌道交通的這一公共轉(zhuǎn)向并非單純地從“精英”走向“大眾”,而是從地方政治層面真切地反映出從19世紀(jì)晚期至20世紀(jì)20年代德國(guó)所開(kāi)始經(jīng)歷從康德、費(fèi)希特及洪堡理想中的自由主義的開(kāi)放社會(huì)向社會(huì)民主主義的“福利社會(huì)”轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程。 本文嘗試梳理出柏林城市軌道交通在19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),并在此基礎(chǔ)上分別論述帝國(guó)與共和國(guó)兩個(gè)不同時(shí)代中私人交通企業(yè)與地方政府在軌道交通領(lǐng)域不同作為,借以一窺德國(guó)城市社會(huì)的重大變革。
[Abstract]:From 1897, when Siemens Halsk and Deutsche Bank jointly invested in the establishment of high-speed railway company to officially open the construction and operation of urban track in Berlin area, until 1929, the Berlin Communications Stock Company (BVG) was established. Berlin's urban rail transit, along with the other two major transport systems (trams, buses), constitutes a mass transit system for the public, despite the pause in the first World War and the re-emergence of the post-war period. This period (1897-1929) is still the first round of urban rail transit in Berlin, and it is also the most vigorous period of great development in the history of Berlin urban transportation. During this period, the increase and expansion of urban rail transit network even laid a half of Berlin urban rail network. More importantly, this period of Berlin urban rail transit experienced from the beginning of the imperial era of private economic products to the coexistence of private and local capital. And in the Weimar Republic period for the Berlin municipal authorities to establish the "public goods" attributes of a thorough transformation. Due to the huge impact of the new urban rail transit on the spatial structure of the industrialized city and the close interaction between them, it is inevitable that there is a close relationship between the new urban rail transit and the policy direction of the local government (that is, the city). Therefore, the public turn of rail transit is not simply from the "elite" to "the masses", but from the local political level reflects the German experience from the late 19th century to the 1920s from Kant. Fichte and Humboldt's ideal transition from liberal open society to social democratic welfare society. This paper attempts to sort out the development of Berlin urban rail transit in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and on this basis respectively discusses the private transport enterprises and local governments in the field of rail transit in the two different times of the Empire and the Republic. A glimpse of the great changes in German urban society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K516
[Abstract]:From 1897, when Siemens Halsk and Deutsche Bank jointly invested in the establishment of high-speed railway company to officially open the construction and operation of urban track in Berlin area, until 1929, the Berlin Communications Stock Company (BVG) was established. Berlin's urban rail transit, along with the other two major transport systems (trams, buses), constitutes a mass transit system for the public, despite the pause in the first World War and the re-emergence of the post-war period. This period (1897-1929) is still the first round of urban rail transit in Berlin, and it is also the most vigorous period of great development in the history of Berlin urban transportation. During this period, the increase and expansion of urban rail transit network even laid a half of Berlin urban rail network. More importantly, this period of Berlin urban rail transit experienced from the beginning of the imperial era of private economic products to the coexistence of private and local capital. And in the Weimar Republic period for the Berlin municipal authorities to establish the "public goods" attributes of a thorough transformation. Due to the huge impact of the new urban rail transit on the spatial structure of the industrialized city and the close interaction between them, it is inevitable that there is a close relationship between the new urban rail transit and the policy direction of the local government (that is, the city). Therefore, the public turn of rail transit is not simply from the "elite" to "the masses", but from the local political level reflects the German experience from the late 19th century to the 1920s from Kant. Fichte and Humboldt's ideal transition from liberal open society to social democratic welfare society. This paper attempts to sort out the development of Berlin urban rail transit in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and on this basis respectively discusses the private transport enterprises and local governments in the field of rail transit in the two different times of the Empire and the Republic. A glimpse of the great changes in German urban society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K516
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