19至20世紀(jì)中葉的也門猶太人研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-13 09:14
【摘要】：也門猶太人是世界歷史上古老而又獨特的猶太族群之一。他們作為非穆斯林少數(shù)族群,長期生活在以穆斯林為主體的環(huán)境中,與外部世界相對隔絕。19世紀(jì)初期也門部落和猶太定居點內(nèi)部特殊的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會狀況,以及猶太人與穆斯林之間自由寬松的話語環(huán)境,使得以穆斯林為主體的也門出現(xiàn)了許多獨特的猶太社團。1872年奧斯曼帝國的入侵,開啟了也門現(xiàn)代化進程,但經(jīng)濟模式的轉(zhuǎn)變打破了猶太人傳統(tǒng)的社會經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)和猶太社團的凝聚力。部分猶太人皈依伊斯蘭教或為了尋求更好的政治、經(jīng)濟地位,開始向非洲東海岸的埃塞俄比亞以及巴勒斯坦地區(qū)移民。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,阿拉伯世界排猶浪潮此起彼伏,也門猶太人不斷遭到了國內(nèi)伊瑪目政權(quán)和穆斯林的歧視和迫害,也門猶太人的國家認(rèn)同感遭到重創(chuàng)。以色列建國后,也門猶太人的移民達到了高潮,1949-1951年,美猶聯(lián)合救濟委員會通過“神毯行動”將5萬名也門猶太人移民到以色列。現(xiàn)代以來,也門猶太人已經(jīng)成為了以色列社會的重要組成部分。本文旨在探討19世紀(jì)至20世紀(jì)中葉的也門猶太人與阿拉伯人關(guān)系及其社會地位的歷史變遷,并在此基礎(chǔ)上深入探究影響1881-1950年也門猶太人移民的歷史根源與內(nèi)外因素,以期對也門猶太人這一邊緣族群有更深入的了解。本文主要由緒論、正文和結(jié)論三個部分構(gòu)成。緒論部分主要闡明了也門猶太人這一選題的背景與意義;并適當(dāng)回顧、總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對于這一主題的研究狀況;從而勾勒出撰寫本文的研究思路、方法和主要創(chuàng)新點。正文部分主要囊括四章。第一章,主要闡述了也門猶太人的歷史起源與分布,以及19世紀(jì)上半葉也門猶太人與阿拉伯人的關(guān)系,也門猶太人社會經(jīng)濟地位與認(rèn)同。第二章,主要從政治、經(jīng)濟、宗教和文化等方面,系統(tǒng)的闡述了 1872-1918年奧斯曼帝國第二次侵占也門期間,猶太人社會地位與生存狀況的改變。第三章和第四章,分別闡述了也門猶太人向埃塞俄比亞和巴勒斯坦地區(qū)移民的背景和過程,以及造成也門猶太人對外移民的內(nèi)部因素與外部因素。結(jié)論部分主要從國際社會歷史背景、也門國內(nèi)形勢、伊瑪目政權(quán)對帶猶太人的移民的政策,以及也門猶太人自身的角度出發(fā)分析了影響1881-1950年間也門猶太人移民的動因,并進一步闡述了也門猶太人對猶太教發(fā)展以及在以色列民族國家構(gòu)建中發(fā)揮的作用。
[Abstract]:Yemeni Jews are one of the ancient and unique Jewish groups in the history of the world. They, as non-Muslim minorities, have long lived in an environment dominated by Muslims, relatively isolated from the outside world. In the early 19th century, Yemeni tribes and Jewish settlements had special political, economic and social conditions, And the free and relaxed discourse environment between Jews and Muslims, which led to the emergence of many unique Jewish communities in Yemen, which was dominated by Muslims. The invasion of the Ottoman Empire in 1872 began the modernization process of Yemen. However, the transformation of economic model broke the traditional social and economic basis of Jews and the cohesion of Jewish communities. Some Jews converted to Islam or began to emigrate to Ethiopia and Palestine on the east coast of Africa in search of a better political and economic status. After World War I, the Arab world saw a wave of anti-Semitism, and Yemeni Jews were constantly discriminated against and persecuted by the Imam regime and Muslims in Yemen, and the national identity of Yemeni Jews was badly damaged. After the founding of Israel, the emigration of Yemeni Jews reached its climax in 1949-1951, when the Joint Relief Committee of the United States and Judah emigrated 50,000 Yemeni Jews to Israel through Operation blanket. Since modern times, Yemeni Jews have become an important part of Israeli society. The purpose of this paper is to probe into the historical changes of the relations between Yemeni Jews and Arabs and their social status from the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, and on the basis of this, to probe into the historical roots and internal and external factors that influenced the Jewish immigrants in Yemen from 1881 to 1950. In order to have a better understanding of Yemeni Jews, this marginal ethnic group. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly expounds the background and significance of this topic, and summarizes the research situation of domestic and foreign scholars on this topic, and outlines the research ideas, methods and main innovation points of this paper. The main body includes four chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds the historical origin and distribution of Yemeni Jews, the relationship between Yemeni Jews and Arabs in the first half of the 19th century, the social and economic status and identity of Yemeni Jews. The second chapter, mainly from the political, economic, religious and cultural aspects, systematically elaborated the 1872-1918 Ottoman Empire during the second occupation of Yemen, Jewish social status and survival changes. Chapter three and chapter four respectively explain the background and process of Yemeni Jews' emigration to Ethiopia and Palestine, as well as the internal and external factors that cause Yemeni Jews to emigrate to foreign countries. The conclusion is mainly from the historical background of the international society, the domestic situation of Yemen, the policy of imam regime on the immigrants with Jews, and the reasons of affecting the Jewish immigrants in Yemen from 1881 to 1950, from the point of view of the Yemeni Jews themselves. It also expounds the role of Yemeni Jews in the development of Judaism and the construction of Israel's nation-state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K393
[Abstract]:Yemeni Jews are one of the ancient and unique Jewish groups in the history of the world. They, as non-Muslim minorities, have long lived in an environment dominated by Muslims, relatively isolated from the outside world. In the early 19th century, Yemeni tribes and Jewish settlements had special political, economic and social conditions, And the free and relaxed discourse environment between Jews and Muslims, which led to the emergence of many unique Jewish communities in Yemen, which was dominated by Muslims. The invasion of the Ottoman Empire in 1872 began the modernization process of Yemen. However, the transformation of economic model broke the traditional social and economic basis of Jews and the cohesion of Jewish communities. Some Jews converted to Islam or began to emigrate to Ethiopia and Palestine on the east coast of Africa in search of a better political and economic status. After World War I, the Arab world saw a wave of anti-Semitism, and Yemeni Jews were constantly discriminated against and persecuted by the Imam regime and Muslims in Yemen, and the national identity of Yemeni Jews was badly damaged. After the founding of Israel, the emigration of Yemeni Jews reached its climax in 1949-1951, when the Joint Relief Committee of the United States and Judah emigrated 50,000 Yemeni Jews to Israel through Operation blanket. Since modern times, Yemeni Jews have become an important part of Israeli society. The purpose of this paper is to probe into the historical changes of the relations between Yemeni Jews and Arabs and their social status from the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, and on the basis of this, to probe into the historical roots and internal and external factors that influenced the Jewish immigrants in Yemen from 1881 to 1950. In order to have a better understanding of Yemeni Jews, this marginal ethnic group. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly expounds the background and significance of this topic, and summarizes the research situation of domestic and foreign scholars on this topic, and outlines the research ideas, methods and main innovation points of this paper. The main body includes four chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds the historical origin and distribution of Yemeni Jews, the relationship between Yemeni Jews and Arabs in the first half of the 19th century, the social and economic status and identity of Yemeni Jews. The second chapter, mainly from the political, economic, religious and cultural aspects, systematically elaborated the 1872-1918 Ottoman Empire during the second occupation of Yemen, Jewish social status and survival changes. Chapter three and chapter four respectively explain the background and process of Yemeni Jews' emigration to Ethiopia and Palestine, as well as the internal and external factors that cause Yemeni Jews to emigrate to foreign countries. The conclusion is mainly from the historical background of the international society, the domestic situation of Yemen, the policy of imam regime on the immigrants with Jews, and the reasons of affecting the Jewish immigrants in Yemen from 1881 to 1950, from the point of view of the Yemeni Jews themselves. It also expounds the role of Yemeni Jews in the development of Judaism and the construction of Israel's nation-state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K393
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