英法在西非的非殖民化政策比較研究（1945-1965年）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-13 18:59
【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,“非殖民化”運(yùn)動(dòng)浪潮開始席卷西非,對(duì)在非洲的西方殖民體系給予了嚴(yán)重的沖擊和破壞;美蘇為了爭(zhēng)奪成為世界霸權(quán),間接地積極推動(dòng)著全球范圍內(nèi)的非殖民化運(yùn)動(dòng);英法兩國(guó)的實(shí)力在二戰(zhàn)中嚴(yán)重受損,為了恢復(fù)往日的世界帝國(guó)地位和維護(hù)各自的利益,他們都非常重視殖民地的問(wèn)題。正是由于上述原因,英法兩國(guó)在面對(duì)西非的非殖民化問(wèn)題時(shí),采取了各具特點(diǎn)的政策。英法對(duì)西非的非殖民化政策,在1945-1965年間,不僅影響著西非原殖民地的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和社會(huì)各個(gè)方面,還影響著西非非殖民化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展速度。因此,在西非的非殖民化問(wèn)題上英法兩國(guó)表現(xiàn)的差異較大。英國(guó)在西非的殖民地針對(duì)不同的國(guó)家地區(qū)采取了不同的政策,除了暴力政策外,在如憲政改革等方面更多地則是表現(xiàn)了比較溫和的一面;而法國(guó)在西非的殖民地一直由“八個(gè)殖民地聯(lián)盟”組成單一的行政機(jī)構(gòu)統(tǒng)治,在不同的國(guó)家地區(qū)采取大體相同的非殖民化政策,即對(duì)其殖民地的非殖民化運(yùn)動(dòng)更多地采取殘酷的暴力鎮(zhèn)壓政策。法國(guó)這種殘酷的鎮(zhèn)壓政策,與英國(guó)相對(duì)溫和的非殖民化政策,形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。本文主要分為以下幾部分:首先是對(duì)法屬西非毛里塔尼亞等九個(gè)國(guó)家和英屬西非岡比亞等五個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史殖民狀況的簡(jiǎn)單概述和整理;其次是對(duì)1945-1965年英法的西非非殖民化政策的共同歷史背景和英法在西非的非殖民化政策內(nèi)容的概述和整理,在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)英國(guó)和法國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)嚴(yán)重受創(chuàng),改變了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的以英國(guó)和法國(guó)等歐洲國(guó)家為中心的世界格局,出現(xiàn)了美國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)兩極對(duì)立的新的世界格局,包括西非國(guó)家在內(nèi)的非洲各國(guó)民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)都達(dá)到了高潮,這些因素都成為了英國(guó)和法國(guó)在制定非殖民化政策的共同背景,并導(dǎo)致了在1945-1965年間英法在西非的非殖民化政策的改變,如英國(guó)在西非的憲制改革、暴力制度等和法國(guó)在西非的同化政策改革等;最后是對(duì)1945-1965年英法在西非的非殖民化政策的共同性和差異性的分析,法國(guó)和英國(guó)是西非在二戰(zhàn)之后最大的兩個(gè)殖民宗主國(guó),這期間,英法因?yàn)樽陨韺?shí)力的衰落和國(guó)際政治格局發(fā)生了巨大的變化,美國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)作為兩個(gè)超級(jí)大國(guó)以及西非各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的民族獨(dú)立解放斗爭(zhēng)都影響著這兩大殖民宗主國(guó)的非殖民化政策,他們?cè)谖鞣侵趁竦刂贫ǖ姆侵趁窕咴诒举|(zhì)上有很大的相同性,但他們?cè)谖鞣怯兄髯圆煌闹趁駳v史、殖民模式、殖民地政治制度和殖民經(jīng)驗(yàn),這都決定了各自的非殖民化政策的差異性。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the "decolonization" movement began to engulf West Africa, seriously impacting and destroying the Western colonial system in Africa. Indirectly, they actively promoted the global decolonization movement; Britain and France were seriously damaged in World War II. In order to restore their former world empire status and safeguard their respective interests, they all attached great importance to the colonial issue. It is for these reasons that Britain and France have adopted distinctive policies in the face of decolonization in West Africa. From 1945 to 1965, the British and French decolonization policy in West Africa affected not only the economic, political and social aspects of the former colonies of West Africa, but also the pace of development of the decolonization process in West Africa. As a result, Britain and France differ greatly in decolonization in West Africa. British colonies in West Africa adopted different policies for different countries and regions, except for violent policies, such as constitutional reform and so on, which showed a more moderate side. The French colonies in West Africa have been ruled by a single executive body of the "eight colonial coalitions," and have adopted roughly the same policy of decolonization in different countries and regions. That is to say, the decolonization movement of its colonies adopted more brutal and violent policies of repression. France's brutal policy of repression contrasts sharply with Britain's relatively moderate policy of decolonization. This paper is mainly divided into the following parts: first, the historical colonial situation of nine countries such as Mauritania in French West Africa and the Gambia in British West Africa is briefly summarized and sorted out. Secondly, the common historical background of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965 and the contents of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa were summarized and summarized. At the end of World War II, the domestic economies of Britain and France were seriously damaged. After changing the world pattern centered on Britain and France and other European countries for several centuries, a new world pattern characterized by the polarization between the United States and the Soviet Union has emerged, and the national liberation movements of various African countries, including those in West Africa, have reached a climax. These factors formed the common background of British and French decolonization policies and led to a change in British and French decolonization policies in West Africa between 1945 and 1965, such as the constitutional reform of Britain in West Africa. The system of violence and the reform of France's assimilation policy in West Africa; finally, an analysis of the commonality and differences of British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965. France and Britain were the two largest colonial powers in West Africa after World War II. During this period, great changes have taken place in Britain and France because of the decline of their own strength and the international political pattern. The United States and the Soviet Union, as two superpowers, and the struggle for national independence and liberation within the countries of West Africa have influenced the decolonization policies of the two colonial Powers. Their decolonization policies in West African colonies are substantially identical in nature, but they have their own different colonial histories, colonial models, colonial political systems and colonial experiences in West Africa. All this determines the differences in their decolonization policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K153
本文編號(hào)：2181887
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the "decolonization" movement began to engulf West Africa, seriously impacting and destroying the Western colonial system in Africa. Indirectly, they actively promoted the global decolonization movement; Britain and France were seriously damaged in World War II. In order to restore their former world empire status and safeguard their respective interests, they all attached great importance to the colonial issue. It is for these reasons that Britain and France have adopted distinctive policies in the face of decolonization in West Africa. From 1945 to 1965, the British and French decolonization policy in West Africa affected not only the economic, political and social aspects of the former colonies of West Africa, but also the pace of development of the decolonization process in West Africa. As a result, Britain and France differ greatly in decolonization in West Africa. British colonies in West Africa adopted different policies for different countries and regions, except for violent policies, such as constitutional reform and so on, which showed a more moderate side. The French colonies in West Africa have been ruled by a single executive body of the "eight colonial coalitions," and have adopted roughly the same policy of decolonization in different countries and regions. That is to say, the decolonization movement of its colonies adopted more brutal and violent policies of repression. France's brutal policy of repression contrasts sharply with Britain's relatively moderate policy of decolonization. This paper is mainly divided into the following parts: first, the historical colonial situation of nine countries such as Mauritania in French West Africa and the Gambia in British West Africa is briefly summarized and sorted out. Secondly, the common historical background of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965 and the contents of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa were summarized and summarized. At the end of World War II, the domestic economies of Britain and France were seriously damaged. After changing the world pattern centered on Britain and France and other European countries for several centuries, a new world pattern characterized by the polarization between the United States and the Soviet Union has emerged, and the national liberation movements of various African countries, including those in West Africa, have reached a climax. These factors formed the common background of British and French decolonization policies and led to a change in British and French decolonization policies in West Africa between 1945 and 1965, such as the constitutional reform of Britain in West Africa. The system of violence and the reform of France's assimilation policy in West Africa; finally, an analysis of the commonality and differences of British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965. France and Britain were the two largest colonial powers in West Africa after World War II. During this period, great changes have taken place in Britain and France because of the decline of their own strength and the international political pattern. The United States and the Soviet Union, as two superpowers, and the struggle for national independence and liberation within the countries of West Africa have influenced the decolonization policies of the two colonial Powers. Their decolonization policies in West African colonies are substantially identical in nature, but they have their own different colonial histories, colonial models, colonial political systems and colonial experiences in West Africa. All this determines the differences in their decolonization policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K153
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