【摘要】： 羅馬文化是在希臘文化的基礎上發(fā)展來的。羅馬在與希臘接觸之前就已受到希臘文化的影響，這種影響是間接的，是通過其它民族和城邦實現(xiàn)的。羅馬通過軍事戰(zhàn)爭、領土擴張與越來越多的希臘城邦接觸，受到的希臘的影響也是包含了各個方面。本文旨在論述羅馬在翻譯希臘著作方面的成果。 羅馬從一個蕞爾小國發(fā)展成地跨歐、亞、非三洲的大帝國，武力征服是主要手段。先是自己的生存斗爭，反對伊達拉里亞的統(tǒng)治，抵御高盧人的入侵和鄰邦的威脅，在羅馬鞏固了自己的統(tǒng)治之后，就走上了對外擴張的道路。先是在意大利半島的征服，通過逐步地向南部吞噬，與希臘的接觸也越來越直接，受到的影響也越來越大。吞并了整個意大利半島之后，羅馬又把目光看向了海外，持續(xù)上百年的布匿戰(zhàn)爭使羅馬得償所愿，將西地中海據(jù)為己有。然后戰(zhàn)場又轉(zhuǎn)移到了東地中海，擊敗了馬其頓和塞琉古之后，東地中海也成為了羅馬的行省，面對希臘城邦的反抗，羅馬采取了鎮(zhèn)壓的政策，最后將希臘也并入了自己的版圖。到公元前2世紀，羅馬成了地跨歐、亞、非三洲的大帝國，地中海成了羅馬人的內(nèi)湖。 隨著羅馬的征服活動，受到的希臘影響也逐漸擴大，幾乎遍布了生活的各個方面。在希臘文化的強烈沖擊下。羅馬社會出現(xiàn)了兩種不同的對待希臘文化的態(tài)度，以西庇歐（Scipio）為首的一部分人推崇希臘文化，因為看到了希臘文化的輝煌，給羅馬社會帶來了新的活力；以加圖為首的保守派則極力反對希臘文化在羅馬的傳播，，因為希臘文化中的頹廢墮落思想也不可避免的進入羅馬社會，破壞了羅馬傳統(tǒng)的道德和簡樸。但是，這種阻止并沒有起到實質(zhì)的作用。 在羅馬繼承希臘文化之前，也存在過一些文學形式，史料表明，在公元前3世紀之前，羅馬就存在過勞動歌曲、宗教頌歌、宴會歌、悼亡曲、諷刺歌曲、菲斯克尼曲、薩圖尼烏斯詩體、雜戲、阿特拉劇和模擬劇、歷史記事以及演說等。只是其中的一些早早就散失了，我們只能從一些作品的言語中知道這些形式曾經(jīng)存在過，也有一些是受到其它民族的影響，在本土文化的基礎上發(fā)展來的。但是由于羅馬一直忙于軍事戰(zhàn)爭而忽略了文學的發(fā)展，使得在與希臘接觸之前，羅馬少有文學作品誕生。 初期，羅馬對希臘文化的繼承主要是翻譯希臘著作，無論是形式還是內(nèi)容都直接承自希臘。但是，早期的翻譯作品由于年代久遠，流傳下來的極為有限，遺留下來的翻譯作品以戲劇為主，悲劇的翻譯作品除了一些作者有些片段遺留之外，也基本散佚了。喜劇作品以普勞圖斯和泰倫斯的翻譯為主，他們的翻譯作品基本遵循原文，但是根據(jù)社會的需要對原文也有改動。 翻譯不僅使羅馬學習了希臘的先進文化，也刺激了羅馬本民族文化的創(chuàng)作。希臘著作有些因書寫材料所限，在漫長的歷史長河中逐漸失傳，但有些通過古羅馬的翻譯，希臘思想、著作得以保存。這些翻譯作品也構成了以后歐洲文學發(fā)展的一部分。
[Abstract]:Rome culture was developed on the basis of Greek culture. Rome had been influenced by Greek culture before contact with Greece. The influence was indirect and realized through other nations and states. Rome was exposed to more and more Greek cities through military warfare, territorial expansion and the influence of Greece. This paper aims at discussing the achievements of Rome in translating Greek works.
Rome was developed from a small country to Europe, Asia, and the great empire of non three continents, the main means of force conquest. First, it was his own struggle for survival, against the rule of the Iraqi government, against the invasion of the high Lu and the threat of the neighbours, and after the consolidation of his rule in Rome, it was on the road of external expansion. First, half of Italy. The conquest of the island, through the gradual engulfing of the south, became more and more direct and influenced by Greece. After annexation of the entire Italy Peninsula, Rome looked abroad, and the last hundred years of the Punic War brought Rome to his wish and the western Mediterranean as its own. Then the battlefield was transferred to the East. After defeating Macedonian and cyrru, the eastern Mediterranean became the province of Rome. Facing the resistance of the Greek city states, Rome took the policy of repression and finally merged Greece into its own layout. By second Century B.C., Rome became the great empire of Europe, Asia, non three continents, and the Mediterranean became the inner Lake of the Romans.
With the conquest of Rome, the influence of Greece was gradually expanded, almost all aspects of life. Under the strong impact of Greek culture, Rome society appeared two different attitudes towards Greek culture, and a part of the Scipio led Greek culture, because of the glory of Greek culture, Rome has brought new vitality to the society; the Conservatives, headed by the pictures, are strongly opposed to the spread of Greek culture in Rome, because the decadent and decadent thought in Greek culture inevitably enters the society of Rome and destroys the traditional morality and simplicity of Rome. However, this hindrance does not play a substantial role.
Before the inheritance of Greek culture in Rome, there were some literary forms. Historical data showed that before the third Century B.C., Rome existed labor songs, religious anthem, banquet songs, mourning songs, sarcasm, Saturni Lucius poetry, miscellaneous plays, Atla plays and analogue dramas, historical events, and speeches. Some of the earlier lost, we can only know from the words of some works that these forms have existed, and some are influenced by other peoples and developed on the basis of local culture. But because Rome has been busy with military war and ignored the development of literature, there are few literature before the contact with Greece in Rome. The work was born.
In the early days, Rome's inheritance of Greek culture was mainly the translation of Greek works, both in form and in content, from Greece. However, the early translations were very limited because of the long history of the translation works, and the legacy of translation works were dominated by drama, and the tragic translation works were left behind by some of the author's fragments. Basically, the comic works are mainly translated by the translations of pro and Terrence and their translations basically follow the original text, but they are also changed according to the needs of the society.
The translation not only made Rome study the advanced culture of Greece, but also stimulated the creation of the Chinese culture in Rome. Some of the Greek works were gradually lost in the long history of history because of the writing materials, but some of them have been preserved through the translation of ancient Rome, Greek ideas and books. A part.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K126

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本文編號：2174256