古代日本對(duì)中國(guó)文化的吸收及融合述論
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 15:37
【摘要】： 日本民族是一個(gè)勇于和善于吸收外來文化的優(yōu)秀民族。從彌生時(shí)代開始一直到江戶時(shí)代,日本一直處于中國(guó)大陸文化的熏陶和影響之下,古代日本文化是在逐步吸收中國(guó)文化養(yǎng)分的過程中形成的。文章就古代日本吸收中國(guó)文化的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了論述。 首先,探討了古代日本善于吸收中國(guó)文化的成因。從島國(guó)環(huán)境、思維模式、民族的單一性、成功的體驗(yàn)及侵朝失敗的教訓(xùn)四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了論述。 其次,從物質(zhì)文明、精神文明、制度文明三個(gè)層次,縷述了古代日本吸收中國(guó)文化的內(nèi)容。物質(zhì)文化方面,中國(guó)的水稻與農(nóng)耕技術(shù)、鐵制生產(chǎn)工具及青銅器等的傳入使日本民族脫離朦昧狀態(tài)走上人類文明之路；土木建筑、制陶、雕版印刷術(shù)等生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的傳入更推動(dòng)了日本社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。精神文化方面,漢字的輸入,結(jié)束了日本沒有文字的歷史；儒學(xué)的東漸影響著日本的政治、教育思想及道德觀念的改變；佛教的東傳影響著日本的政治、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)和建筑；在制度方面,而隋唐時(shí)期對(duì)中國(guó)制度文化的大量吸收,使日本建立了較完備的律令制,成為法制完善的中央集權(quán)的封建制國(guó)家。 再次,概括出了日本吸收中國(guó)古代文化的特點(diǎn)。受日本地理環(huán)境和生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平等因素的影響,古代日本對(duì)中國(guó)文化的吸收呈現(xiàn)出以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：從吸收的歷程來看,呈現(xiàn)出由被動(dòng)到主動(dòng)、由間接到直接的發(fā)展演進(jìn)軌跡；從吸收的內(nèi)容來看,具有選擇性與主體性特點(diǎn),即：在堅(jiān)持民族傳統(tǒng)文化的基礎(chǔ)上,有選擇性地吸收中國(guó)文化,而并非全盤照搬；實(shí)用性原則,即對(duì)中國(guó)古代文化的吸收具有“為我所用”的功利主義的價(jià)值取向,被稱之為“功利的拿來主義”；收放自如,即對(duì)古代中國(guó)文化的吸收采取的是收放自如的靈活政策。 結(jié)語部分,總結(jié)了日本成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及對(duì)中國(guó)的啟示：日本人學(xué)習(xí)外來文明表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的積極主動(dòng)性和靈活性,其主動(dòng)精神確實(shí)值得國(guó)人借鑒；中國(guó)近代吸收西方文化時(shí)的教訓(xùn)應(yīng)當(dāng)記取；只有大膽借鑒外來文化,適當(dāng)加以改造創(chuàng)新,以彌補(bǔ)本民族傳統(tǒng)文化之不足,才能不斷推陳出新,豐富和發(fā)展本國(guó)文化。
[Abstract]:The Japanese nation is an excellent nation that is brave and good at absorbing foreign culture. Japan was influenced and influenced by the Chinese mainland culture from the beginning of the Yuesheng era to the Edo era. The ancient Japanese culture was formed in the process of gradually absorbing the nutrients of the Chinese culture. This paper discusses the problems related to the absorption of Chinese culture in ancient Japan. First of all, it discusses the reason why ancient Japan was good at absorbing Chinese culture. This paper discusses the environment of the island country, the mode of thinking, the unity of the nation, the experience of success and the lessons of the failure of invading Korea. Secondly, from the three levels of material civilization, spiritual civilization and institutional civilization, it describes the content of ancient Japan absorbing Chinese culture. In terms of material culture, the introduction of Chinese rice and farming techniques, iron production tools and bronzes led the Japanese nation out of obscurity and onto the road of human civilization; civil construction, pottery making, The introduction of production technology, such as engraving printing, promoted the progress of Japanese society. In the aspect of spirit and culture, the input of Chinese characters ends the history of Japan without words; the eastward spread of Confucianism influences Japanese politics, educational thought and moral concept; the eastward spread of Buddhism influences Japanese politics, literature, art and architecture; In the aspect of system, the large absorption of Chinese institutional culture in Sui and Tang dynasties made Japan establish a relatively complete legal system and became a centralized feudal country with perfect legal system. Thirdly, it summarizes the characteristics of Japan's absorption of ancient Chinese culture. Influenced by the Japanese geographical environment and the level of productivity development, the ancient Japanese absorption of Chinese culture showed the following characteristics: from the process of absorption, it showed the evolution from passive to active, from indirect to direct; From the content of absorption, it has the characteristics of selectivity and subjectivity, that is, on the basis of adhering to the traditional culture of the nation, it selectively absorbs Chinese culture instead of copying it completely; the principle of practicability, That is to say, the absorption of ancient Chinese culture has the value orientation of utilitarianism, which is called "utilitarianism", and the flexible policy adopted in the absorption of ancient Chinese culture. The conclusion part summarizes the successful experience of Japan and its enlightenment to China: Japanese people show strong initiative and flexibility in learning foreign civilization, and their initiative spirit is indeed worthy of reference by Chinese people; The lessons of absorbing western culture in modern China should be kept in mind; only by borrowing foreign culture boldly and reforming and innovating appropriately to make up for the deficiency of the traditional culture of our nation can we constantly bring forth the new and enrich and develop our own culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K313
本文編號(hào)：2162192
[Abstract]:The Japanese nation is an excellent nation that is brave and good at absorbing foreign culture. Japan was influenced and influenced by the Chinese mainland culture from the beginning of the Yuesheng era to the Edo era. The ancient Japanese culture was formed in the process of gradually absorbing the nutrients of the Chinese culture. This paper discusses the problems related to the absorption of Chinese culture in ancient Japan. First of all, it discusses the reason why ancient Japan was good at absorbing Chinese culture. This paper discusses the environment of the island country, the mode of thinking, the unity of the nation, the experience of success and the lessons of the failure of invading Korea. Secondly, from the three levels of material civilization, spiritual civilization and institutional civilization, it describes the content of ancient Japan absorbing Chinese culture. In terms of material culture, the introduction of Chinese rice and farming techniques, iron production tools and bronzes led the Japanese nation out of obscurity and onto the road of human civilization; civil construction, pottery making, The introduction of production technology, such as engraving printing, promoted the progress of Japanese society. In the aspect of spirit and culture, the input of Chinese characters ends the history of Japan without words; the eastward spread of Confucianism influences Japanese politics, educational thought and moral concept; the eastward spread of Buddhism influences Japanese politics, literature, art and architecture; In the aspect of system, the large absorption of Chinese institutional culture in Sui and Tang dynasties made Japan establish a relatively complete legal system and became a centralized feudal country with perfect legal system. Thirdly, it summarizes the characteristics of Japan's absorption of ancient Chinese culture. Influenced by the Japanese geographical environment and the level of productivity development, the ancient Japanese absorption of Chinese culture showed the following characteristics: from the process of absorption, it showed the evolution from passive to active, from indirect to direct; From the content of absorption, it has the characteristics of selectivity and subjectivity, that is, on the basis of adhering to the traditional culture of the nation, it selectively absorbs Chinese culture instead of copying it completely; the principle of practicability, That is to say, the absorption of ancient Chinese culture has the value orientation of utilitarianism, which is called "utilitarianism", and the flexible policy adopted in the absorption of ancient Chinese culture. The conclusion part summarizes the successful experience of Japan and its enlightenment to China: Japanese people show strong initiative and flexibility in learning foreign civilization, and their initiative spirit is indeed worthy of reference by Chinese people; The lessons of absorbing western culture in modern China should be kept in mind; only by borrowing foreign culture boldly and reforming and innovating appropriately to make up for the deficiency of the traditional culture of our nation can we constantly bring forth the new and enrich and develop our own culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K313
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