本文選題：賠款問題 + 德法關(guān)系　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 一戰(zhàn)后,歐洲國際關(guān)系格局發(fā)生了劇變,德法兩國力量對(duì)比也發(fā)生了新的變化,德國戰(zhàn)敗,法國再次成為歐陸霸主。在巴黎和會(huì)上,法國主張嚴(yán)厲制裁德國,提出了肢解德國的計(jì)劃,由于遭到英美的反對(duì),只實(shí)現(xiàn)了其中的部分目標(biāo)。為了獲得進(jìn)一步的安全保障,法國將籌碼放在尚未解決的德國賠款問題上。 極其復(fù)雜的賠款問題是魯爾危機(jī)的導(dǎo)火線。戰(zhàn)后初期,德法之間是一種對(duì)抗性的關(guān)系,懸而未決的賠款問題就成為兩國斗爭的焦點(diǎn)。法國力求獲取最大數(shù)額的賠款以制裁德國并用于戰(zhàn)后重建;德國利用英法的分歧,力圖修改《凡爾賽和約》,希望削減賠款總額,并以財(cái)政困難為由,要求延期償付賠款。德法兩國在賠款問題上的矛盾不斷升級(jí),最終釀成了1923年的魯爾危機(jī),法比出兵占領(lǐng)了魯爾。 魯爾危機(jī)給兩國造成了嚴(yán)重的后果。德國采取“消極抵抗”政策,法國繼續(xù)實(shí)行強(qiáng)硬政策,德法對(duì)抗達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)。德國出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)危機(jī),法國也出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政危機(jī),在國際社會(huì)日益陷入孤立,德法兩國開始重新審視兩國之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)抗無益于問題的解決,只有和解才是出路。德國無法繼續(xù)承受消極抵抗導(dǎo)致的惡果,施特萊斯曼政府率先放棄了消極抵抗政策,結(jié)束了魯爾斗爭。在英美的強(qiáng)大壓力和國內(nèi)財(cái)政危機(jī)影響下,法國也接受了國際調(diào)解,接受了道威斯計(jì)劃。最終,德法兩國又重回談判桌,邁出了和解的步伐,在一定程度上,魯爾危機(jī)是兩國走向和解的起點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:After World War I, the pattern of international relations in Europe changed dramatically, and the balance of power between Germany and France also changed. At the Paris Peace Conference, France advocated severe sanctions against Germany and proposed a plan to dismember Germany. In order to secure further security, France has placed its chips on the unresolved German indemnity issue. The extremely complex issue of reparations was the trigger of the Ruhr crisis. In the early postwar period, Germany and France had a confrontational relationship, and the outstanding issue of reparations became the focus of the struggle between the two countries. France sought maximum reparations to sanction Germany for post-war reconstruction; Germany took advantage of the differences between Britain and France to amend the Treaty of Versailles, hoping to cut the total amount of compensation and to demand a deferral on the grounds of financial difficulties. The conflict between Germany and France on the issue of reparations escalated and eventually led to the Ruhr crisis in 1923, France sent troops to occupy Ruhr. The Ruhr crisis had serious consequences for both countries. Germany adopted "passive resistance" policy, France continued to implement a tough policy, Germany-France confrontation reached its climax. Germany has a serious political, economic and social crisis, and France has a serious financial crisis. As the international community is increasingly isolated, Germany and France begin to re-examine the relations between the two countries, and confrontation is not conducive to the solution of the problem. Reconciliation is the only way out. Germany can not continue to bear the consequences of negative resistance, the Stellesman government abandoned the policy of passive resistance, the end of the Ruhr struggle. Under the strong pressure of Britain and the United States and the influence of the domestic financial crisis, France also accepted the international mediation and the Dawes plan. In the end, Germany and France returned to the negotiating table and took steps towards reconciliation. To some extent, the Ruhr crisis was the starting point for the two countries to reach reconciliation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K516.43;K565.42

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 韋長發(fā);試論二十年代法國的歐洲安全對(duì)策[J];安慶師院社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1997年02期

2 劉作奎;試論英國在魯爾危機(jī)中的對(duì)法政策[J];北京科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2003年01期

3 時(shí)殷弘;舊歐洲的衰頹──論兩戰(zhàn)之間的英法外交與國際政治[J];復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1999年06期

4 吳友法;法國在兩次大戰(zhàn)期間對(duì)德國外交政策述略[J];法國研究;1987年03期

5 王振亞;兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間的法國安全政策評(píng)析[J];法國研究;2001年02期

6 吳儀;二戰(zhàn)后德法和解原因淺析[J];湖北師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年01期

7 王冀平;吉利強(qiáng);;法國對(duì)德國安全關(guān)系的歷史透視[J];河北學(xué)刊;2007年02期

8 陶樾;兩次大戰(zhàn)期間英國的外交政策與歐洲均勢[J];世界歷史;1980年03期

9 羅會(huì)鈞;兩次大戰(zhàn)之間法國謀求安全嘗試的外交失策[J];湖南師范大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1996年06期

10 葉繼海;一戰(zhàn)后法國抵制償還戰(zhàn)債原因探析[J];和田師范�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2004年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：2108099