發(fā)布時間：2018-05-24 23:43

  本文選題：丹吉爾港 + 蘇伊士運河　； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1919-1924年英國的地中海政策,可以分為東地中海政策和西地中海政策兩部分。西地中海政策涉及英國與法國、西班牙的關(guān)系；東地中海政策涉及英國在埃及的宗主制度。伊比利亞半島對西地中海地區(qū)大英帝國的帝國安全至關(guān)重要,直布羅陀海峽是英國自大西洋到地中海的咽喉,為英國戰(zhàn)略利益之所在,所以丹吉爾港中立和西班牙在北部摩洛哥的宗主制度的維持對英國有深遠的影響。英國在摩洛哥問題上竭力維護西班牙在北部摩洛哥的宗主地位,并且英國在摩洛哥問題上對西班牙和法國采取了不同的政策,通過一次英國、法國、西班牙參加的三方會議確定了丹吉爾港口的中立地位,平衡了西班牙和法國在西地中海地區(qū)的爭奪。蘇伊士運河的安全與防御對東地中海地區(qū)帝國安全至關(guān)重要,蘇伊士運河是保障英國經(jīng)由地中海、蘇伊士運河和紅海到達東方的航線暢通的關(guān)鍵點,為英國利益之所在,所以對埃及宗主制度的維護對英國有深遠的影響。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)給英國提供了一個在埃及正式建立宗主制度的機會,英國希望以大部分埃及人能夠接受的形式在埃及使得宗主制度永久存在,因為英國在埃及地區(qū)政策的影響超出了東地中海地區(qū)的范圍,涉及英國的全球政策。然而,第一次世界大戰(zhàn)激發(fā)了埃及人民對于民族獨立的強烈愿望。埃及人把第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后最初幾年的事件看成是二十世紀(jì)他們完全獨立于英帝國主義的長期斗爭的起點。英國對埃及的政策出現(xiàn)了兩次重要的轉(zhuǎn)變以確保在現(xiàn)有條件下英國在埃及的利益最大化。英國單方面發(fā)表二·二八聲明,在四點保留原則的情況下,單方面宣布廢除埃及的宗主制度,維護了英國在埃及的利益,確保英國對蘇伊士運河的牢固控制。
[Abstract]:British Mediterranean policy from 1919 to 1924 can be divided into two parts: eastern Mediterranean policy and western Mediterranean policy. The western Mediterranean policy involves Britain's relations with France and Spain, and the eastern Mediterranean policy involves Britain's patriarchal system in Egypt. The Iberian Peninsula is vital to the imperial security of the British Empire in the Western Mediterranean. The Strait of Gibraltar is the throat of Britain from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and serves the strategic interests of the United Kingdom. So the neutrality of Port Tangier and the maintenance of Spain's patriarchal system in northern Morocco had a profound impact on Britain. Britain tried hard to maintain Spain's supremacy in northern Morocco on the Moroccan issue, and Britain adopted a different policy towards Spain and France on the Moroccan issue, through one British, French, Spain's tripartite meeting confirmed the neutrality of Tangier's port, balancing Spain's and France's rivalry in the western Mediterranean. The security and defense of the Suez Canal is of great importance to the security of the Eastern Mediterranean Empire. The Suez Canal is the key point to ensure the smooth passage of British routes to the East via the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea, and is in the interest of the United Kingdom. Therefore, the maintenance of Egypt's patriarchal system has a profound impact on Britain. The first World War provided Britain with an opportunity to formally establish a patriarchal system in Egypt, which Britain wanted to perpetuate in Egypt in a form acceptable to most Egyptians. The impact of British policy in Egypt extends beyond the eastern Mediterranean and involves British global policy. However, World War I inspired the Egyptian people's strong desire for national independence. The Egyptians saw the events of the first few years after World War I as the starting point of their long struggle completely independent of British imperialism in the twentieth century. There have been two important shifts in British policy towards Egypt to ensure that Britain's interests in Egypt are maximized under existing conditions. In the case of the four-point reservation principle, Britain unilaterally declared to abolish Egypt's patriarchal system, which safeguarded Britain's interests in Egypt and ensured Britain's firm control over the Suez Canal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K15

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本文編號：1931133