本文選題：年代記 + 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：年代記是古埃及歷史記錄的重要組成部分。古代埃及很早就有關(guān)于過去大事的記錄,無論是早王朝時(shí)期簡(jiǎn)單的標(biāo)簽,還是古王國(guó)時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的最早的年代記—帕勒莫石碑,這種簡(jiǎn)單記錄大事的方式為埃及后來的年代記奠定了基礎(chǔ)。到了中王國(guó)時(shí)期,年代記突破了古王國(guó)時(shí)期帕勒莫石碑記事的形式和內(nèi)容,開始了圍繞某一國(guó)王的統(tǒng)治事件、某一特殊場(chǎng)景為中心的簡(jiǎn)短記事。至新王國(guó)時(shí)期,埃及帝國(guó)發(fā)展到了頂峰,年代記的形式和內(nèi)容較之中王國(guó)時(shí)期又有所發(fā)展。在歷經(jīng)第二中間期的混亂和喜克索斯人的統(tǒng)治之后,新王國(guó)時(shí)期的法老發(fā)們動(dòng)了大規(guī)模的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),法老對(duì)個(gè)人功績(jī)的追逐也近乎狂熱,產(chǎn)生了一些記錄國(guó)王對(duì)外征戰(zhàn)和征服成果的大事記,即我們所說的法老年代記,其中以圖特摩斯三世年代記最為典型。這一時(shí)期法老年代的內(nèi)容主要是圍繞法老的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)展開,種種記載都是為了服膺于法老“軍事英雄”和“神王之子”的形象,銘文中記載的法老是“瑪阿特”神圣秩序的保護(hù)者,是眾神統(tǒng)治埃及的代理人。古埃及的眾神在法老年代記中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中是法老的保護(hù)神,并接受法老在戰(zhàn)后對(duì)其進(jìn)行的獻(xiàn)祭和供奉。而那些“卑鄙的可憎之?dāng)场眲t被法老在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中一一征服,并臣服在法老的權(quán)威之下。通過此類“儀式化”的場(chǎng)景,新王國(guó)時(shí)期法老王權(quán)的合法性和神圣性被一遍遍地強(qiáng)化,并在法老對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利中得到宣揚(yáng)。此外,從法老年代記的主要內(nèi)容和其作用可以看出這一時(shí)期古埃及的“歷史表述”出現(xiàn)了新的特點(diǎn)。在對(duì)歷史的審視上,古埃及人開始走出以往堅(jiān)定的崇古懷古情節(jié),對(duì)過去也多了些不一樣的思考:即便“神圣王權(quán)”早已在古埃及人的觀念中根深蒂固,但這一時(shí)期年代記中的法老卻更多表現(xiàn)為個(gè)性鮮明的“軍事強(qiáng)者”。同時(shí),隨著不斷地對(duì)外擴(kuò)張,埃及人的域外觀念,尤其是對(duì)邊界和敵我的概念不斷得到增強(qiáng),突出表現(xiàn)就是對(duì)被征服地區(qū)實(shí)行了以埃及為中心的意識(shí)形態(tài)的再塑造。年代記中對(duì)國(guó)王作為“真實(shí)性”的強(qiáng)調(diào),表明古埃及人對(duì)“歷史記錄”的作用有了自己的思考,某種意義上來講是一種“歷史意識(shí)”的真正覺醒。
[Abstract]:Chronology is an important part of ancient Egyptian historical records. Ancient Egypt had a long history of past events, whether it was the simple label of the early dynasty or the earliest chronicle of the ancient kingdom-the Palermo stone tablet. This simple way of recording events laid the foundation for Egypt's later chronicles. In the Middle Kingdom period, the chronicle broke through the form and content of Palermo stone inscription in the ancient kingdom period, and began a brief chronicle of the ruling events around a certain king, a special scene as the center. In the New Kingdom period, the Egyptian Empire reached its peak, and the form and content of the chronicles developed more than that of the Middle Kingdom. After the chaos of the second intermediate period and the rule of the Hiksos, the pharaohs of the New Kingdom waged a large-scale foreign war, and the pharaoh's pursuit of personal merit was almost fanatical. Some memorabilia of the king's foreign war and conquest, known as the Pharaohs' chronicles, were produced, of which Tutmose III was the most typical. In this period, the contents of the pharaohs era were mainly centered on the pharaoh's foreign war, and all kinds of records were intended to serve the image of the pharaoh's "military hero" and "son of the king of God". The inscription of the Pharaohs is the protector of the Maathite holy order and the agent of the gods ruling Egypt. The gods of ancient Egypt also frequently appeared in the book of the Pharaohs. They were the protectors of pharaoh in war and received sacrifices and offerings from pharaoh after the war. The "despicable and abominable enemies" were conquered by Pharaoh in the war and subject to his authority. Through such "ritualized" scenes, the legitimacy and sanctity of the Pharaohs' power in the New Kingdom period were strengthened over and over again and proclaimed in the victory of the pharaoh's foreign war. In addition, from the main contents and functions of the pharaoh's chronicles, we can see that the "historical expression" of ancient Egypt appeared new characteristics in this period. Looking at history, the ancient Egyptians began to walk away from the old, steadfast nostalgia, and thought differently about the past: even though the "sacred Wang Quan" had long been ingrained in the ancient Egyptians' ideas, However, the pharaohs in the chronicles of this period are more of a distinctive "military strongman". At the same time, with the continuous expansion of the external, the Egyptian concept of the extraterritorial, especially to the boundary and the concept of the enemy and we have been constantly strengthened, the outstanding manifestation is the remolding of the ideology centered on Egypt in the conquered areas. The emphasis on the "authenticity" of the king in the chronicles shows that the ancient Egyptians had their own thoughts on the role of "historical records", and in a sense it was a true awakening of "historical consciousness".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K411.2

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