本文選題：英格蘭 + 近代早期　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：起源于東方的咖啡飲品,在17世紀(jì)中葉的英國(guó),催生出一種新的極具近代早期時(shí)代特色的咖啡館文化。顯而易見,本文無意探究作為純粹飲食的咖啡制作及其感官體驗(yàn),而是著意考察英國(guó)人經(jīng)由聚飲咖啡,在咖啡館這一"民間公共領(lǐng)域"的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)及其所反映的社會(huì)變象。近代早期的英國(guó)咖啡館是新興的公共政治領(lǐng)域。作為民間議政中心,各政治傾向的俱樂部時(shí)常在咖啡館內(nèi)對(duì)政治、宗教等嚴(yán)肅話題進(jìn)行討論,出現(xiàn)了一群"咖啡館政治家"。咖啡館顧客談?wù)摴埠�、自由、平�?批評(píng)國(guó)王和大臣,甚至反對(duì)君主制。過度的言論自由與政治訴求引起了王權(quán)猜忌,17世紀(jì)70年代導(dǎo)致了咖啡館民眾和王權(quán)之間的激烈碰撞�？Х瑞^見證了近代英國(guó)新經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)的形成�？Х瑞^作為一個(gè)新興商業(yè)實(shí)體,它既參與了經(jīng)濟(jì)生活,又為商人們提供了一個(gè)較好的商業(yè)洽談環(huán)境�？Х瑞^也成為商品的拍賣場(chǎng)和一些金融機(jī)構(gòu)的誕生地,如倫敦證券交易所即是起源于咖啡館。一些專業(yè)化的新興職業(yè)也在咖啡館內(nèi)誕生以便滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要,如股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人等。咖啡館是民間的知識(shí)生產(chǎn)與輿論交換集散地。牛津大學(xué)等名校的學(xué)者在校園圍墻之外找到了輕松談?wù)搶W(xué)術(shù)話題的圈子,中產(chǎn)階級(jí)在這所"便士大學(xué)"中追求一種新的知識(shí)生活體驗(yàn),"雅士"和"才子"等社會(huì)知識(shí)群體聚集于此討論新知。當(dāng)然,咖啡館也是各種八卦與謠言的誕生地和中轉(zhuǎn)站,各種具有鮮明階層性的民間信息在咖啡館內(nèi)匯聚成極具時(shí)代特色的輿論漩渦。咖啡館中還初步約定了近代英國(guó)社會(huì)交往模式,見證了社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期的各種社會(huì)風(fēng)尚的碰撞。在咖啡館的民間交往實(shí)踐中,形成了一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)平等、多元、開放與包容的社交圈,文雅社交模式和斯文生活哲學(xué)在這里成型。當(dāng)然,與主流和日漸強(qiáng)勢(shì)的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)范相悖,帶有異域風(fēng)情、底層趣味的"無禮"之舉亦在咖啡館粉墨登場(chǎng),男權(quán)空間中對(duì)異性的介入進(jìn)行了微妙的回應(yīng),咖啡館中的風(fēng)尚碰撞反應(yīng)了英國(guó)近代文明教化的復(fù)雜歷程。以"民間公共領(lǐng)域"的觀察視域,借鑒"新文化史"的研究取向,對(duì)英國(guó)咖啡館文化進(jìn)行"厚描"式的歷史管窺,或?qū)⒂兄诜糯蠼缙谟?guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的微觀與細(xì)節(jié),從一個(gè)側(cè)面呈現(xiàn)近代西方文明的發(fā)展趨向。
[Abstract]:Coffee drinks originated from the East, in England in the middle of the 17th century, gave birth to a new coffee shop culture with the characteristics of the early modern times. It is obvious that this paper does not intend to explore the coffee making and its sensory experience as a pure diet, but rather to examine the expressions and social changes reflected by the British in the "folk public sphere" of coffee shops through coffee rallies. The early modern English caf 茅 was a new field of public politics. As the center of folk politics, the clubs of various political tendencies often discuss politics, religion and other serious topics in cafes, and a group of "caf 茅 politicians" appear. Caf 茅 customers talk about republicanism, freedom, equality, criticism of kings and ministers, and even opposition to monarchy. Excessive freedom of speech and political demands have led to Wang Quan suspicion that the 1770 s led to a fierce clash between the people of cafes and the Wang Quan. The caf 茅 witnessed the formation of the new economic form in modern England. As a new business entity, cafes not only participate in economic life, but also provide a better business environment for businessmen. Cafes have also become the birthplace of goods and financial institutions, such as the London Stock Exchange. Specialised new professions, such as stockbrokers, have been created in cafes to meet the needs of the economy. The coffee shop is the folk knowledge production and the public opinion exchange collection and distribution center. Scholars at prestigious universities such as Oxford have found an easy circle of academic topics beyond the walls of the campus. The middle class seeks a new intellectual life experience in the Penny University, where social knowledge groups such as Yashi and Talent gather to discuss new knowledge. Of course, the cafe is also the birthplace and transit station of all kinds of gossip and rumors. The coffeehouse also preliminarily agreed on the modern British social communication mode, witnessed the collision of various social styles in the social transition period. In the practice of folk communication in cafes, a social circle with emphasis on equality, pluralism, openness and tolerance was formed. Of course, contrary to the mainstream and increasingly powerful elegance, with exotic amorous feelings, the "rudeness" of the bottom interest also appeared in the coffee shop, and the masculine space made a subtle response to the involvement of the opposite sex. The fashion collision in the coffee shop reflects the complex course of civilization and civilization in modern England. From the perspective of the "folk public domain" and the research orientation of "New Cultural History", a "thick drawing" of the British caf 茅 culture may be helpful to enlarge the micro and details of the social transformation in the early modern times. The development trend of modern western civilization is presented from one side.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K561.4
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本文編號(hào)：1884659