本文選題：英國 + 都鐸王朝�。� 參考：《遼寧大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 都鐸王朝統(tǒng)治時期是英國從封建社會到資本主義社會的過渡轉(zhuǎn)型期。在這期間,英國在經(jīng)濟、政治等社會生活的諸多方面正發(fā)生著巨大而深刻的變化。在政治體制方面,英國的政府機構(gòu)開始向近代過渡,而樞密院制度的確立則是這種過渡的具體表現(xiàn)形式之一。樞密院這一機構(gòu)的建立和發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了一個相當漫長的歷史過程。通過近一個世紀的演變,樞密院終于從一個建制簡單、分工不明的中世紀貴族團體(咨議會)進化為最具權(quán)威的中央常駐行政機構(gòu)。都鐸王朝早期,國王的樞密院已經(jīng)成為了職能廣泛、組織嚴密、運轉(zhuǎn)高效的中央行政權(quán)力中樞。這時的樞密院一方面秉承圣意、為王負責;另一方面,它逐漸脫離了宮廷家天下的模式,它的改革推動了中央政府機構(gòu)朝著制度化、專業(yè)化、近代化的模式演變。同時樞密院的建立與改革同后來英國的責任內(nèi)閣制的發(fā)展存在著歷史的聯(lián)系。 本文遵循歷史與邏輯相統(tǒng)一的基本原則,對英國都鐸王朝早期的樞密院體制進行研究。通過歷史與邏輯,史料與分析,綜合與比較相結(jié)合的方法討論這一時期樞密院體制的確立過程以及它的主要職能、特點和影響。 全文結(jié)構(gòu)及主要內(nèi)容如下: 第一章,序言。對選題的緣起、該課題的研究狀況、選題意義的介紹。 第二章,都鐸王朝早期樞密院體制確立的條件。在這一部分里,主要對樞密院的前身——御前會議和咨議會進行了具體的描述,進而從歷史沿革這一角度揭示了都鐸早期樞密院制度確立的組織基礎(chǔ)。 第三章,都鐸王朝早期樞密院體制的確立。作為本文的重點,這一章主要介紹了英國樞密院體制確立的歷史條件、作者對英國樞密院體制確立時間的看法、從咨議會到樞密院的具體演變過程以及克倫威爾與樞密院改革這四個大問題。從宏觀和微觀兩個角度分析了英國都鐸王朝早期樞密院的主要職能,組織形式以及克倫威爾本人與樞密院之間的微妙關(guān)系。 第四章,都鐸王朝前期樞密院體制的特點及其歷史作用。這一部分主要是對前面內(nèi)容的一個總結(jié)和概括,目的還在于對前文具體分析的基礎(chǔ)上進行概括與綜合,從而得出更加理性化,更具指導(dǎo)性的結(jié)論。 結(jié)束語:在這一部分中,主要是以樞密院體制為著眼點,變換角度,重新審視中央政府機構(gòu)設(shè)置與運轉(zhuǎn)的問題。其目的還是在于揭示出樞密院這一機構(gòu)在國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)中所起的作用,近而說明這一選題的歷史與現(xiàn)實的意義。
[Abstract]:The Tudor period was a transitional period from feudal society to capitalist society. During this period, great and profound changes are taking place in many aspects of social life, such as economy, politics and so on. In the political system, the British government began to transition to modern times, and the establishment of the Privy Council system is one of the concrete forms of this transition. The establishment and development of the Privy Council went through a long history. After nearly a century of evolution, the Privy Council finally evolved from a simple medieval aristocratic body with unclear division of labor to the most authoritative central resident administration. In the early Tudor dynasty, the King's Privy Council had become a central administrative center with wide functions, tight organization and efficient operation. On the one hand, the Privy Council was responsible for the king. On the other hand, it gradually broke away from the model of the imperial court. Its reform promoted the central government to institutionalize, professionalize, and modernize the model. At the same time, the establishment and reform of the Privy Council had a historical connection with the development of the responsible cabinet system in Britain. Following the basic principle of the unity of history and logic, this paper studies the Privy Council system in the early Tudor Dynasty. Through the methods of history and logic, historical data and analysis, synthesis and comparison, this paper discusses the establishment of the Privy Council system in this period and its main functions, characteristics and influences. The structure and main contents of the paper are as follows: Chapter I, preamble. The origin of the topic, the status of the topic, the significance of the introduction of the topic. Chapter two, the conditions of the establishment of the Privy Council system in the early Tudor Dynasty. In this part, the predecessor of the Privy Council, the Royal Council and the Advisory Council, are described in detail, and the organizational basis of the establishment of Tudor's early Privy Council system is revealed from the perspective of historical evolution. The third chapter, the establishment of the early Tudor Privy Council system. As the focus of this paper, this chapter mainly introduces the historical conditions of the establishment of the Privy Council system in Britain, and the author's views on the time of the establishment of the Privy Council system in the United Kingdom. From the Advisory Council to the Privy Council the specific evolution of the process and Cromwell and the Privy Council reform of the four major issues. This paper analyzes the main functions, organizational forms and subtle relations between Cromwell himself and the Privy Council in the early Tudor Dynasty. Chapter four, the characteristics and historical function of the Privy Council system in the early Tudor Dynasty. This part is a summary and generalization of the previous content, and the purpose is to generalize and synthesize on the basis of the previous concrete analysis, so as to arrive at a more rational and instructive conclusion. Conclusion: in this part, the system of the Privy Council is the focus of the change of perspective, re-examine the establishment and operation of central government institutions. Its purpose is to reveal the role of the Privy Council in the structure of state power, and to explain the historical and practical significance of this topic.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.3

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本文編號：1871022