本文選題：美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn) + 政府��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期是美國(guó)具有獨(dú)特歷史背景的重要時(shí)期,通過(guò)對(duì)這段特殊歷史時(shí)期所獨(dú)有的政府腐敗現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行細(xì)致考察,逐步認(rèn)識(shí)腐敗問(wèn)題的發(fā)生機(jī)制并梳理相關(guān)治理實(shí)踐的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),這些無(wú)疑對(duì)于探討整個(gè)美國(guó)的民主政治發(fā)展歷程具有鮮明的啟發(fā)意義。內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期腐敗現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生從源頭上可以追溯到建國(guó)初期,腐敗經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展演變,尤其是在建國(guó)后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里發(fā)展得愈演愈烈,甚至在美國(guó)相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)期內(nèi)成為政治上久久不能治愈的頑疾。特別是美國(guó)在工業(yè)化、城市化和現(xiàn)代化的大背景下,經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的深刻變革要求政治領(lǐng)域相關(guān)配套制度的不斷完善更新,而政治領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)型的相對(duì)滯后性恰恰導(dǎo)致了一系列政府問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生,特別是政府管理上種種的弊病表現(xiàn)的更加明顯,而內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期伴隨著南北雙方在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的較量,美國(guó)政治領(lǐng)域的反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)也將風(fēng)起云涌。 本文首先對(duì)具體的腐敗問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的概念界定和分析,然后通過(guò)對(duì)整個(gè)美國(guó)漫長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的政府腐敗歷程進(jìn)行回顧,梳理了殖民地時(shí)代、建國(guó)時(shí)期、內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和鍍金時(shí)代以及隨后時(shí)期的種種腐敗現(xiàn)象,著重闡釋美國(guó)政府腐敗的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期腐敗現(xiàn)象開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向高度流行這一驟然劇變趨勢(shì)的形成是有極其深刻社會(huì)根源和歷史背景的,而這并非僅僅因?yàn)橥蛔兊恼沃刃騽?dòng)蕩所引發(fā)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。在接下來(lái)的文章的核心部分著重對(duì)美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的政府腐敗現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述,然后進(jìn)行較深刻地分析和挖掘。十九世紀(jì)中后期,工業(yè)資本主義開(kāi)始進(jìn)入高速發(fā)展期,社會(huì)面貌也隨之發(fā)生迅速變化,“自由放任主義”思潮的廣泛流行,社會(huì)達(dá)爾文主義、極端個(gè)人主義、享樂(lè)主義、金錢(qián)主義等腐朽的人生觀和價(jià)值觀使人性變得扭曲,政治上特別是由“政黨分贓制”導(dǎo)致的封官許愿現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重泛濫,加之“恩賜庇護(hù)”的盛行和“賣(mài)官鬻爵”等庸俗腐朽風(fēng)氣的推波助瀾以及城市老板核心利益集團(tuán)的迅速崛起都使得政府腐敗現(xiàn)象變得日益嚴(yán)重,終于逐漸演變?yōu)槊绹?guó)的民主政治危機(jī)。內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,針對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的腐敗問(wèn)題,政治上的一些有識(shí)之士開(kāi)始了轟轟烈烈反抗政府腐敗的斗爭(zhēng),特別是以富有正義感的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)精英為主的“進(jìn)步者”廣泛開(kāi)展了轟轟烈烈的進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng),隨著政治制度的變革刷新和相關(guān)反腐法律的不斷健全完善,富有民主精神和自由主義傳統(tǒng)的美利堅(jiān)民族獨(dú)辟蹊徑,開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一個(gè)民主政治的嶄新局面。
[Abstract]:The American Civil War was an important period with a unique historical background in the United States. Through a careful investigation of the unique phenomenon of government corruption in this special historical period, Gradually understanding the occurrence mechanism of corruption and combing the development of relevant governance practice undoubtedly has a bright enlightening significance for the exploration of the development of democratic politics in the United States as a whole. The emergence of corruption in the civil war period can be traced back to the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Corruption has evolved through a long period of development, especially in the century after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Even in the United States for quite a long time became politically incurable disease. In particular, under the background of industrialization, urbanization and modernization in the United States, the profound changes in the economic field require the continuous improvement and updating of the relevant supporting systems in the political field. However, the relative lag in the transformation of the political field has led to a series of government problems, especially the more obvious maladies in government management. During the civil war, there was a battle between the north and the south on the battlefield. The fight against corruption in American politics will also surge. This paper first defines and analyzes the specific problems of corruption, and then reviews the history of government corruption throughout the long period of the United States, combing the colonial era and the founding of the people's Republic of China. All kinds of corruption in the Civil War and the gilded era and the subsequent period, especially the development of corruption in the United States government. It is deliberately emphasized that the emergence of the sudden and dramatic trend of corruption in the American Civil War has profound social roots and historical background, and this is not only because of the social problems caused by the sudden political order turbulence. In the core part of the following article, the government corruption during the American Civil War was described in detail, and then analyzed and excavated deeply. In the middle and late 19th century, industrial capitalism began to enter a period of rapid development, and the social outlook changed rapidly. The widespread trend of thought of "laissez-faire", social Darwinism, extreme individualism, hedonism, The decadent outlook on life and values, such as money doctrine, have distorted human nature, and in politics, especially in the phenomenon of "party partitioning," the phenomenon of making official wishes has been seriously overrun. In addition, the prevalence of "patronage", the vulgar and decadent ethos such as "selling official posts" and the rapid rise of core interest groups of city bosses have made the phenomenon of government corruption more and more serious. Finally, it turned into a crisis of democracy in the United States. After the end of the civil war, in response to the growing problem of corruption, some people of political insight began a vigorous struggle against government corruption. In particular, the "progressives", who are mainly middle-class elites with a sense of justice, have extensively carried out a vigorous progressive movement. With the renovation of the political system and the continuous improvement of relevant anti-corruption laws, The American nation, rich in democratic spirit and liberal tradition, created a new situation of democratic politics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712.4

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