本文選題：美國 + 郊區(qū)　； 參考：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 學(xué)術(shù)界一般認(rèn)為,郊區(qū)起源于十八世紀(jì)后期,是中產(chǎn)階級精英所享受的特權(quán)。但在短短的200多年中,美國郊區(qū)化迅猛發(fā)展起來。早在1970年,美國人口普查就顯示,郊區(qū)人口已經(jīng)分別超過中心城市和鄉(xiāng)村人口,成為美國社會(huì)生活的主體。2000年,美國人口普查進(jìn)一步表明,超過50%的人口居住在郊區(qū),使得美國成為世界上第一個(gè)真正實(shí)現(xiàn)郊區(qū)化的國家。 郊區(qū)在美國各大城市周圍如雨后春筍般發(fā)展,決定了美國城市的生態(tài)組織結(jié)構(gòu),其影響主要表現(xiàn)在社會(huì)和文化層面上,對地貌的影響相當(dāng)有限。隨著時(shí)間的推移,郊區(qū)在美國社會(huì)生活中的重要性日益凸現(xiàn),成為美國物質(zhì)成就和文化觀念的代表。它最充分、最完整地體現(xiàn)了美國當(dāng)代文化的潮流,表現(xiàn)出美國主流社會(huì)的最根本特征,即揮霍性消費(fèi)、過分依賴于私人轎車等交通工具、核心家庭模式的盛行、工作與娛樂的分離,以及爭相向上流動(dòng)的欲望等。顯然,了解和解讀美國的郊區(qū)和郊區(qū)化進(jìn)程,不僅有助于我們察看美國的社會(huì)變遷軌跡,而且有助于我們理解美國文化價(jià)值觀的形成。 郊區(qū)問題是城市化問題的一個(gè)重要分支。社會(huì)學(xué)家首開美國城市問題研究之先河,史學(xué)界緊隨其后,提出了許多有關(guān)美國城市如何演變和發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)。從此,城市史引起了史學(xué)界的熱切關(guān)注,形成了一個(gè)城市史研究熱潮。郊區(qū)崛起之后,許多學(xué)者將目光投向郊區(qū),從社會(huì)學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、地理學(xué)和建筑學(xué)等領(lǐng)域,對郊區(qū)展開多方位研究。近年來,雖然我國學(xué)術(shù)界對美國郊區(qū)化問題給予了較大的關(guān)注,但目前為止這方面的研究成果還很零碎,不成體系,更沒有關(guān)于郊區(qū)化原因的系統(tǒng)著作。本論文試圖采用多學(xué)科的研究方法,結(jié)合歷史學(xué)、地理學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的研究方法,對美國郊區(qū)化的成因和特點(diǎn)問題進(jìn)行了相當(dāng)詳細(xì)的分析和探討。論文指出,推動(dòng)美國郊區(qū)化的原因來自多方面,其中交通技術(shù)的進(jìn)步提供了必要的前提,經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展加快了工業(yè)和人口向郊區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)移,城市生活環(huán)境的惡化和郊區(qū)生活環(huán)境的優(yōu)雅產(chǎn)生了兩大互為作用的“推”“拉”力量。本論文著重分析和闡釋了這三大因素,指出正是在這些因素的合力作用之下,美國郊區(qū)化才得到了持續(xù)和快速的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Academics generally believe that suburbs originated in the late 18 th century and are privileges enjoyed by middle-class elites. But in a short period of more than 200 years, suburbanization in the United States has developed rapidly. As early as 1970, the United States census showed that the suburban population had surpassed the urban and rural populations, respectively, and became the main part of American social life. In 2000, the United States Census further showed that more than 50 percent of the population lived in the suburbs. Making the United States the first country in the world to truly suburbanization. The development of suburbs around American cities has decided the ecological organization structure of American cities. Its influence is mainly on the social and cultural level, and the influence on landforms is quite limited. With the passage of time, the importance of suburbs in American social life has become increasingly prominent, becoming the representative of American material achievements and cultural concepts. It fully and completely reflects the trend of contemporary American culture and shows the most fundamental characteristics of the mainstream American society, namely, wasteful consumption, excessive reliance on private cars and other means of transportation, and the prevalence of the nuclear family model. The separation of work and entertainment, and the desire to flow upward. Clearly, understanding and interpreting the process of suburbanization in the United States not only helps us to observe the course of social change in the United States, but also helps us to understand the formation of American cultural values. Suburban problem is an important branch of urbanization. Sociologists pioneered the study of urban issues in the United States, followed by historians, and put forward many views on how American cities evolve and develop. Since then, urban history has aroused great concern in the field of history, forming an upsurge in the study of urban history. After the rise of the suburbs, many scholars focus on the suburbs, from the fields of sociology, history, economics, geography and architecture. In recent years, although China's academic circles have paid more attention to the suburbanization of the United States, the research results in this field are still fragmented, not systematic, and there is no systematic work on the causes of suburbanization. This paper attempts to use multi-disciplinary research methods, combined with historical, geographical, social, economic and demographic research methods, the causes and characteristics of suburbanization in the United States are analyzed and discussed in detail. The paper points out that the reasons for the suburbanization of the United States come from many aspects, among which the advancement of transportation technology provides the necessary premise, and the rapid development of economy speeds up the transfer of industry and population to the suburbs. The deterioration of urban living environment and the elegance of suburban living environment produce two forces of pushing and pulling each other. This paper focuses on the analysis and explanation of these three factors, and points out that it is under the combined action of these factors that the suburbanization of the United States has been continuously and rapidly developed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：C912.81;K712

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本文編號(hào)：1819960