施密特時期的德美關系摩擦及原因
本文選題:聯(lián)邦德國 + 美國 ; 參考:《吉林大學》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:施密特時期的德美關系是70、80年代歐美關系的一個縮影,對整個戰(zhàn)后德美關系的發(fā)展也具有承上啟下的作用。阿登納時期出于對抗蘇聯(lián)的需要,堅定地站在西方陣營一邊,依附于美國,確立了德美“特殊關系”。勃蘭特時期,放棄“哈爾斯坦主義”,實行“新東方政策”,全面改善了與東方陣營的關系,同時也為德美關系在70、80年代的演變奠定了基礎和方向,聯(lián)邦德國在處理與美國的關系中,表達自身利益的愿望和意識日益強烈。施密特時期,整個歐美關系都發(fā)生了實質(zhì)性變化,西歐對外關系的中立化趨勢日益加強,聯(lián)邦德國則是這一時期較為突出的例子。施密特時期的聯(lián)邦德國盡管仍受冷戰(zhàn)格局的限制,在根本的安全利益上需仰賴美國,但德美之間的關系表現(xiàn)出的更多的卻是摩擦和分歧,涉及到政治、經(jīng)濟、安全各個領域。德美關系表現(xiàn)出的這一特點,不僅與阿登納至勃蘭特時期的德美關系迥然不同,也與同時代歐洲其他國家差異明顯,特別是法國。法國從戴高樂時代起,便挑戰(zhàn)美國在歐洲的霸主地位,努力走獨立自主的道路,到德斯坦執(zhí)政時(1974—1981年),延續(xù)了這一傳統(tǒng)。德美之間出現(xiàn)的一系列摩擦是德美關系調(diào)整的協(xié)奏曲,德美關系由“特殊關系”走向“相對平等的伙伴關系”,它既是冷戰(zhàn)緩和和德美實力對比變化的結(jié)果,同時也是歐洲一體化深入發(fā)展的一個必然趨勢。 本文共分四個部分。第一部分論述施密特執(zhí)政時期德美之間的具體摩擦。在施密特執(zhí)政期間,德美矛盾呈現(xiàn)出一種持續(xù)性的、往往是一波未平、一波又起的特點。施密特執(zhí)政前半期,聯(lián)邦德國同美國的矛盾主要表現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟領域,除了因美元危機引起兩國摩擦外,兩國在1977年還為爭奪一筆向巴西出售原子能反應堆的生意而十分激烈地爭吵了一場。在施密特執(zhí)政后半期,大致從1978年起,聯(lián)邦德國與美國不僅在經(jīng)濟,而且在政治、外交等許多方面都發(fā)生嚴重分歧,尤其在有關聯(lián)邦德國切身安全利益的緩和政策和防務政策上,兩國間的爭吵達到前所未有的激烈程度。 第二部分主要論述施密特時期德美關系摩擦的背景,德美關系是歐美關系的一部分,與歐洲一體化的發(fā)展和冷戰(zhàn)格局密切相連。1967年,歐共體的建立,標志著歐洲一體化邁上了一個新的臺階,伴隨著歐共體內(nèi)部整合的深入和1973年的擴大,歐洲的整體實力大為增強。進入70年代,美蘇出現(xiàn)了核均勢,冷戰(zhàn)走向緩和,歐洲對美國的依賴大為減弱。與此同時,蘇聯(lián)積極推行對歐緩和政策,特別是1975年召開的歐洲安全會議,使歐洲的政治格局和安全形勢全面穩(wěn)定下來。這些為歐洲特別是聯(lián)邦德國的獨立外交提供了條件和空間。 第三部分主要考察美國因素。由于深陷越南戰(zhàn)爭,美國的元氣大傷。進入70年代,美國的實力大為削弱,經(jīng)濟霸主地位已難以維持,貿(mào)易逆差擴大,美元接連發(fā)生危機導致布雷頓森林體系瓦解。在與蘇聯(lián)的爭霸中處于相對守勢,對歐關系也發(fā)生重大調(diào)整,更多強調(diào)“伙伴關系”。隨著美國對歐洲控制的減弱,歐洲特別是歐洲大國的離心傾向日益明顯,它們在國家利益和對外政策等方面與美國的分歧不斷顯現(xiàn)。 第四部分主要論述施密特時期德美之間出現(xiàn)一系列摩擦的聯(lián)邦德國因素。施密特均勢思想的基礎是聯(lián)盟,同美國和歐共體的關系是聯(lián)邦德國外交的基石,離開美國和北大西洋組織,均勢和緩和都將無從談起。不過,聯(lián)邦德國在經(jīng)濟、政治和安全方面也有自己的利益訴求,而且很多地方與美國的戰(zhàn)略和利益發(fā)生沖突。聯(lián)邦德國實力的增長、與東方關系的改善、德法同盟的確立以及聯(lián)邦德國在共同體地位的提高使得施密特在處理與美國的關系上日益自信,敢于表達自己的觀點、維護和追求聯(lián)邦德國的利益。 在結(jié)語部分,可以看出,德美之間的矛盾和分歧與國際體系變化、歐洲一體化發(fā)展、國家間實力對比等因素息息相關,盡管發(fā)生了激烈的爭吵和斗爭,但德美關系并沒有超出同盟的范圍。德美之間的摩擦表明大西洋同盟內(nèi)部的深層分歧在不斷深化,德美關系在全面重塑。
[Abstract]:The relationship between Germany and the United States during the period of Schmidt was a miniature of the relationship between Europe and America in the 70,80 years. It also played an important role in the development of the relationship between Germany and the United States after the war. In the period of Adenauer's confrontation with the Soviet Union, Adenauer stood firmly on the side of the Western camp, attached to the United States and established the "special relationship" between Germany and the United States. During the Brandt period, the "Hal" was abandoned. "Stinism", the implementation of the "New Oriental Policy", comprehensively improved the relationship with the eastern camp, but also laid the foundation and direction for the evolution of the relationship between Germany and the United States in the 70,80 years. In the process of dealing with the United States, the Federal Germany expressed his desire and awareness of its own interests. During the Schmidt period, the whole relationship between Europe and the United States had taken place. With the qualitative change, the trend of neutralization of foreign relations in Western Europe is increasingly strengthened, and the Federal Germany is a more prominent example in this period. Although the Federal Germany in the period of Schmidt is still restricted by the cold war pattern, it needs to rely on the United States in the fundamental security interests, but the relationship between Germany and the United States shows more frictions and differences. In all fields of politics, economy and security, the characteristic of the German American relations is not only quite different from the German and American relations of Adenauer to Brandt, but also distinct from the other countries in the same times, especially in France. From the time of De Gaulle, France has challenged the hegemony of the United States in Europe and made great efforts to take the path of independence. When Goldstein was in power (1974 to 1981), it continued the tradition. A series of frictions between Germany and the United States were Concertos of the adjustment of the relations between Germany and the United States. The relationship between Germany and the United States was from "special relationship" to "relative equal partnership". It was the result of the transition of the cold war and the contrast of the strength of the German and the United States, but also the development of the European integration. An inexorable trend.
This article is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the specific friction between the German and the United States during the period of Schmidt's ruling. During the period of Schmidt's administration, the contradiction between Germany and the United States appeared to be a continuous, often a wave and a wave. The contradiction between the Federal and the United States in the first half of the ruling of Schmidt was mainly manifested in the economic field, except for the dollar. The two countries had a fierce quarrel between the two countries in 1977 to compete for a deal to sell atomic energy reactors to Brazil. In the second half of Schmidt, from 1978, the Federal Germany and the United States were not only in the economy, but also in many aspects of politics and diplomacy. The dispute between the two countries has reached unprecedented intensity in the relaxation policy and defense policy of the security interests of the Federal Republic of Germany.
The second part mainly discusses the background of the friction between the German and American relations in the Schmidt period. The relationship between Germany and the United States is part of the relationship between Europe and the United States. It is closely connected with the development of European integration and the cold war pattern for.1967 years. The establishment of the European Community marks a new step in European integration, with the deepening of the internal integration of the European Community and the expansion of the 1973. In 70s, the United States and the Soviet Union had a nuclear balance, the cold war eased and the European dependence on the United States weakened greatly. At the same time, the Soviet Union actively pursued the European policy of easing, especially the European security conference held in 1975, which made the European political structure and security situation fully stabilized. These were Europe. In particular, the independent diplomacy of the Federal Republic of Germany provides conditions and space.
The third part mainly inspected the American factors. Because of the Vietnam War, the United States was badly injured. In 70s, the strength of the United States was greatly weakened, the economic hegemony was difficult to maintain, the trade deficit was expanded, the crisis of the United States continued to disintegrate the Bretton Woods system. With a major adjustment, more emphasis is placed on the "partnership". With the weakening of American control over Europe, the centrifugal tendencies of Europe, especially the European powers, are increasingly apparent, and their differences in national interests and foreign policies are constantly emerging from the United States.
The fourth part mainly discusses the Federal German factors of a series of frictions between the German and the United States during the Schmidt period. The foundation of Schmidt's balance of power is the alliance. The relationship with the United States and the European community is the cornerstone of the Federal German diplomacy. Leaving the United States and the North Atlantic Organization, the balance of potential and moderating will not be discussed. However, the Federal Germany is in the economy and politics. It also has its own interests, and many places have clashed with American strategies and interests. The growth of the strength of the Federal Germany, the improvement of the relations with the East, the establishment of the German French Alliance and the improvement of the status of the Federal Germany in the community make Schmidt more confident in the relationship with the United States and dare to express himself. Views, maintenance and pursuit of the interests of the Federal Republic of Germany.
In the concluding part, we can see that the contradictions and differences between the United States and the United States are closely related to the changes in the international system, the development of European integration and the strength contrast between countries. Despite the fierce quarrels and struggles, the relations between Germany and the United States are not beyond the scope of the alliance. The friction between Germany and the United States shows the deep differences within the the Atlantic alliance. Deepening, the relationship between Germany and the United States is reinventing.
【學位授予單位】:吉林大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:K516.4;K712.54
【相似文獻】
相關期刊論文 前10條
1 袁楠;;世界連環(huán)畫漫畫經(jīng)典《施密特連環(huán)漫畫》[J];新高考(高一版);2008年09期
2 陳愛華;試論施密特自然觀的倫理意蘊[J];東南大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2004年04期
3 玲玲;;笑話串串燒[J];文藝生活(智慧幽默版);2007年05期
4 小芳;;忘記電腦和手機[J];現(xiàn)代計算機(普及版);2009年06期
5 孫偉;施密特“敵友政治觀”的三種詮釋[J];青海師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2000年01期
6 ;谷歌換帥[J];青島畫報;2011年02期
7 馬格尼茨基;維佳澤夫;靳君達;;紀念前蘇聯(lián)地球物理學家奧·尤·施密特誕辰100周年[J];國際地震動態(tài);1992年04期
8 楊建新,于書義;他的事業(yè)在這里閃光[J];國際人才交流;1998年04期
9 聞已;;關懷一根牙簽[J];視野;2007年12期
10 弗德里克·盧賽蒂;陳國興;李書倉;;吉奧喬·阿甘本和卡爾·施密特的政治浪漫主義和生命政治[J];當代藝術與投資;2011年03期
相關會議論文 前10條
1 安玉林;黃金明;;施密特型連帶勒讓德函數(shù)的準確計算公式及其重要應用[A];2001年中國地球物理學會年刊——中國地球物理學會第十七屆年會論文集[C];2001年
2 何瀟;;傳播論與歷史特殊論[A];“民族文化與全球化”學術研討會專輯[C];2003年
3 尹峻;;多樣化練習在乒乓球技術中運用效果的研究[A];第八屆全國體育科學大會論文摘要匯編(二)[C];2007年
4 沈繼忠;P. Douglas Tougaw;;對稱三值電流型CMOS施密特反相器設計[A];面向21世紀的科技進步與社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展(上冊)[C];1999年
5 丁鴻佳;;絲懸式垂直磁力儀與磁通門磁力儀[A];地球物理與中國建設——慶祝中國地球物理學會成立50周年文集[C];1997年
6 顧曉燕;;和諧的課堂,不懈的追求[A];江蘇省教育學會2005年小學語文優(yōu)秀論文集[C];2005年
7 王征;;庫木吐拉GK20窟和北涼北魏早期佛教造像的比較[A];絲綢之路民族古文字與文化學術討論會會議論文集[C];2005年
8 俞吾金;;訪德散記[A];時代與思潮(5)——文化傳統(tǒng)辨證[C];1991年
9 童世駿;;多元主義文化條件下的普遍主義政治何以可能?——尤根·哈貝馬斯政治哲學的核心問題[A];當代中國:發(fā)展·安全·價值——第二屆(2004年度)上海市社會科學界學術年會文集 (上)[C];2004年
10 苗培實;;中國地質(zhì)科學院一九八四年國際地質(zhì)科技交流與合作[A];中國地質(zhì)科學院文集(1984中英文合訂本)[C];1984年
相關重要報紙文章 前10條
1 朱泉峰;CEO來華安撫Google中國[N];計算機世界;2007年
2 于露;谷歌CEO來華與眾高校合作推“云計算”[N];電子資訊時報;2008年
3 何芳;施密特肩負80萬銷售任務 西亞特急進中國[N];21世紀經(jīng)濟報道;2008年
4 本報駐慕尼黑記者 嚴建衛(wèi);國際競爭主要是科技競爭[N];文匯報;2006年
5 許鵬邋黃梅;谷歌CEO訪華力推“云計算”[N];經(jīng)理日報;2008年
6 早報記者 是冬冬;谷歌易主:創(chuàng)始人佩奇再上位[N];東方早報;2011年
7 早報記者 是冬冬;施密特最后悔忽視Facebook[N];東方早報;2011年
8 記者 薛松;“沒有炒李開復魷魚的打算”[N];廣州日報;2007年
9 本報記者 李國訓;反思三年戰(zhàn)略 谷歌避談百度[N];財經(jīng)時報;2008年
10 于露;谷歌聯(lián)手IBM深入“云計算”合作[N];電子資訊時報;2008年
相關博士學位論文 前7條
1 高娃;《蒙古源流》蒙古文滿文漢文宮廷本研究[D];中央民族大學;2006年
2 施展;神秘與凡俗之張力下的政治[D];北京大學;2008年
3 曹明;西歐近代法權(quán)觀念衍變論[D];西南政法大學;2008年
4 徐湘元;預測控制的線性方法、非線性方法和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡方法[D];華南理工大學;2000年
5 王興斌;歷史事實的結(jié)構(gòu)[D];華東師范大學;2008年
6 楊衛(wèi)軍;馬克思的自然觀及當代價值[D];華中科技大學;2009年
7 王東明;例外的挑戰(zhàn):卡爾·施米特的國家緊急權(quán)理論研究[D];廈門大學;2009年
相關碩士學位論文 前10條
1 張亞輝;施密特時期的德美關系摩擦及原因[D];吉林大學;2012年
2 易剛;施密特的“自然概念”探析[D];四川師范大學;2010年
3 劉馗;阿登納時期德美關系研究[D];華中師范大學;2003年
4 黃萌萌;德美關系探究—科索沃和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭中德美政治處理模式與對待國際法比較[D];首都師范大學;2012年
5 丁賀偉;施密特分解的三粒子態(tài)的概率隱形傳輸和用POVM測量概率傳輸二粒子一般態(tài)[D];河北師范大學;2005年
6 趙長偉;A.施密特的馬克思主義觀[D];山東大學;2008年
7 吳麗娟;施密特對馬克思自然概念的解讀[D];南京師范大學;2011年
8 郭永亮;論施密特的“政治的概念”[D];吉林大學;2007年
9 高紅梅;冷戰(zhàn)后的德美矛盾[D];華東師范大學;2006年
10 郁聰;聯(lián)邦德國社民黨與聯(lián)盟黨外交政策發(fā)展比較探析[D];上海外國語大學;2008年
,本文編號:1785954
本文鏈接:http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/1785954.html