本文選題：萊山德 + 斯巴達(dá)海軍�。� 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：萊山德(454-395BC)是斯巴達(dá)海軍的最高指揮官,他有著傳奇的一生。他雖出生在斯巴達(dá)一個(gè)沒落的貴族家庭——赫拉克萊迪家族,但是他有著超人的軍事謀略,并且擅于交際,在斯巴達(dá)的外交方面也有所作為,因此在伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭后期,成為了影響戰(zhàn)局的風(fēng)云人物。伯羅奔尼撤戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,作戰(zhàn)雙方互有勝負(fù),但雅典的在海軍方面的實(shí)力遠(yuǎn)超斯巴達(dá),致使斯巴達(dá)在戰(zhàn)爭中處于被動(dòng)地位。自公元前407年開始,萊山德?lián)瘟怂拱瓦_(dá)海軍將領(lǐng),他首先與波斯小王子小居魯士談判成功取得了至關(guān)重要的資金支持,后全心致力于斯巴達(dá)海軍實(shí)力的提高,最終在羊河口戰(zhàn)役中并取得了決定性的勝利結(jié)束了長達(dá)27年的伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭。戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束之后,萊山德憑借戰(zhàn)爭中的軍功贏得得無尚的榮譽(yù)和權(quán)力,他欲建霸權(quán)的野心也暴露無遺。因此,在希臘世界中,他以武力為后盾,將寡頭統(tǒng)治強(qiáng)加于愛琴海和小亞細(xì)亞諸城邦,并且在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面加以剝削,一步步建立斯巴達(dá)霸權(quán)。而建立斯巴達(dá)霸權(quán)的同時(shí),也間接地加速了斯巴達(dá)霸權(quán)的衰落。因?yàn)槿R山德的霸權(quán)外交加劇了希臘世界對斯巴達(dá)的怨恨,最終導(dǎo)致了斯巴達(dá)在科林斯戰(zhàn)爭中的孤立無助。再加之,萊山德帶回的金銀戰(zhàn)利品,改變了城邦原有的經(jīng)濟(jì)面貌和社會(huì)價(jià)值觀,加速了斯巴達(dá)城邦本身城邦危機(jī)的到來。這一切又間接地加速了斯巴達(dá)霸權(quán)的隕落。但是,斯巴達(dá)霸權(quán)衰落的根本原因在于,斯巴達(dá)本身無論是從政治上還是經(jīng)濟(jì)上都不是最先進(jìn)的,它注定不能成為希臘的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者�？傊�,戰(zhàn)爭能夠快速結(jié)束和戰(zhàn)后的斯巴達(dá)霸權(quán)都與萊山德有密不可分的聯(lián)系,他一生的所作所為對希臘世界產(chǎn)生了很大的影響,所以不論古人還是后人對其評價(jià)都是褒貶不一。
[Abstract]:Lysander 454-395BC) was the supreme commander of the Spartan Navy and had a legendary life.He was born in Sparta, a fallen aristocratic family, the Heracledi family, but he had a superhuman military strategy, was good at communication, and made a difference in Spartan's diplomacy, so in the late Peloponnesian War,He became the man who influenced the war.After the Peloponne War broke out, the two sides won and lost each other, but Athens's naval strength far exceeded that of Sparta, which resulted in Sparta's passive position in the war.Since 407 BC, Lysander has been Spartan's admiral. He first succeeded in negotiating vital financial support with the little Persian prince Cyrus, and then devoted himself to the improvement of Sparta's naval strength.At the end of the Battle of Sheep Estuary and decisive victory ended the 27-year Peloponnesian War.After the war, Lysander won unshakable honor and power by virtue of his military achievements in the war, and his ambition to build hegemony was also revealed.Therefore, in the Greek world, he imposed oligarchy on the Aegean Sea and the Asian States of Asia minor, and exploited it in economic aspects, and gradually established Spartan hegemony.The establishment of Spartan hegemony, but also indirectly accelerated the decline of Spartan hegemony.Because Lysander's hegemonic diplomacy intensified the Greek world's resentment against Sparta and ultimately led to Spartan's isolation in the Collins War.In addition, the gold and silver spoils brought back by Lysander changed the original economic outlook and social values of the city-states, and accelerated the arrival of the city-state crisis in Spartan itself.All this indirectly accelerated the fall of Spartan hegemony.But the fundamental reason for the decline of Sparta's hegemony is that Sparta itself is not the most advanced politically or economically, and it is destined not to be the leader of Greece.In short, the rapid end of the war and the post-war Spartan hegemony are inextricably related to Lesander, his life of behavior has a great impact on the Greek world, so whether the ancients or descendants of its evaluation is mixed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K125

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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