本文選題：阿克萊特　切入點：水力紡紗機(jī)　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從18世紀(jì)70年代開始,英國棉紡工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,在短短幾十年的時間中從英國紡織業(yè)的一個小分支發(fā)展為英國紡織工業(yè)中最大的行業(yè),被認(rèn)為是英國工業(yè)革命中最具革命性的產(chǎn)業(yè)。這不僅是由于棉紡織新技術(shù)的發(fā)明,更是由于工廠制這種新的生產(chǎn)組織形式的建立與發(fā)展。理查德·阿克萊特(Richard Arkwright)作為水力紡紗機(jī)的"發(fā)明者"和工廠制的奠基人,在英國棉紡織業(yè)的發(fā)展和工廠制的形成中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。本文分為四個部分,以英國棉紡織業(yè)的興起為切入點,重點研究阿克萊特工廠的特征和其示范性影響。第一章主要論述棉紡織業(yè)在英國的產(chǎn)生和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)與生產(chǎn)組織形式上的發(fā)展,并簡要介紹阿克萊特此人進(jìn)入棉紡織行業(yè)、獲取水力紡紗機(jī)發(fā)明權(quán)的過程。在阿克萊特之前,英國社會迫切需要新的棉紡技術(shù)來平衡飛梭帶來的紡和織的生產(chǎn)不平衡,生產(chǎn)形式方面利用簡單機(jī)器進(jìn)行小規(guī)模集中生產(chǎn)的早期工廠也在紡織業(yè)各領(lǐng)域中初露頭角,但由于機(jī)器不完善等原因都未能長足發(fā)展。第二章主要從選址和集資兩方面論述了阿克萊特創(chuàng)建工廠的過程。說明了克羅姆福德(Cromford)工廠作為其第一個成功的水力紡紗廠,在選址上主要參考原有工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和水力資源、勞動力等條件;在集資方式上阿克萊特主要依靠吸引合伙人投資、貸款等方式獲取創(chuàng)建工廠的初始資本,初步營利之后通過不斷的利潤回投,在多地增設(shè)工廠的形式進(jìn)行資本擴(kuò)張。第三章從技術(shù)改進(jìn)和勞動力招聘與管理方面闡述了阿克萊特一系列紡紗廠的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營情況。指出阿克萊特最先將零散的新發(fā)明和技術(shù)合理規(guī)劃到統(tǒng)一的工廠制生產(chǎn)體系中,利用完備的動力系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行大規(guī)模集中生產(chǎn),并通過幾十年的發(fā)展,在工廠社區(qū)建設(shè)、工作時間等方面初步具備了近現(xiàn)代工廠管理的基本要素。第四章主要分析阿克萊特工廠對于工廠制發(fā)展的影響。在阿克萊特巨大成功的刺激下,其他制造商們學(xué)習(xí)阿克萊特在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營上的成功經(jīng)驗,紛紛建立水力棉紡工廠;這種投資設(shè)廠熱潮促進(jìn)了工廠制這種新的生產(chǎn)形式在棉紡織業(yè)領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)張和發(fā)展完善,近現(xiàn)代工廠制度在阿克萊特工廠模式的基礎(chǔ)上首先在棉紡織業(yè)領(lǐng)域建立起來。
[Abstract]:Since the 1870s, the British cotton textile industry has developed rapidly. In just a few decades, it has developed from a small branch of the British textile industry to the largest one in the British textile industry.It is regarded as the most revolutionary industry in the British Industrial Revolution.This is due not only to the invention of new cotton textile technology, but also to the establishment and development of the new production organization form of factory system.Richard Arkwright), as the inventor of hydraulic spinning machine and the founder of factory system, played an important role in the development of British textile industry and the formation of factory system.This paper is divided into four parts, with the rise of British cotton textile industry as the starting point, the focus of the study of the characteristics of the Aclite factory and its exemplary impact.The first chapter mainly discusses the production technology and production organization of cotton textile industry in England, and briefly introduces the process of this person entering the cotton textile industry and obtaining the invention right of hydraulic spinning machine.Before Arcett, British society urgently needed new cotton spinning technology to balance the production imbalance between spinning and weaving caused by flying shuttles.In terms of production form, the early factories which used simple machines for small-scale centralized production also showed their heads in various fields of textile industry, but because of imperfect machines and other reasons, they failed to develop rapidly.The second chapter mainly discusses the process of establishing the factory from the two aspects of site selection and capital raising.It shows that the Cromford) plant, as its first successful hydraulic spinning plant, mainly refers to the original industrial foundation, hydraulic resources, labor force and other conditions in the site selection, and that in the way of raising funds, Aclite mainly relies on attracting partners to invest.Loans and other ways to obtain the initial capital to create a factory, initial profits after the return of profits through continuous investment, in the form of additional factories in a number of forms of capital expansion.The third chapter describes the production and management of a series of Aclite spinning mills from the aspects of technical improvement and labor force recruitment and management.It is pointed out that Arcett first rationally planned the scattered new inventions and technologies into the unified factory production system, used the complete power system to carry out large-scale centralized production, and through decades of development, built in the factory community.Working hours and other aspects of the initial modern factory management with the basic elements.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the impact of Aclair factory on the development of factory system.Spurred by Arcett's great success, other manufacturers learned from Arcett's successful experience in production and management and set up hydraulic cotton spinning plants.This kind of investment and setting up a factory boom promoted the expansion and development of the new production form of the factory system in the cotton textile industry. The modern factory system was first established in the cotton textile industry on the basis of the Aclite factory model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K561.43

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