本文選題：冰島　切入點：移民　出處：《華東師范大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 公元874年至公元1264年，即從挪威人在冰島建立第一塊移民地直到挪威國王直接統(tǒng)治冰島時止，是冰島社會歷史的早期階段。作為北歐文化在北大西洋上的延伸部分及重要哨崗，冰島的社會文化在這個時代中呈現(xiàn)出許多重大而深遠的變化。國外學者、尤其是北歐史學者，已經(jīng)從文學作品、法律文書、考古發(fā)現(xiàn)等多種途徑對冰島早期社會文化進行了一定的探討，獲得了許多可貴的成果。然而，由于研究對象的距今時間過于久遠，研究成果仍多仰賴于《薩迦》等有限史料，又缺乏大量考古發(fā)掘材料的充分佐證，冰島史研究的深度和廣度仍有再探討的余地。國內(nèi)學者涉足這一選題者更是寥寥。本文試圖在國內(nèi)外原有研究的基礎(chǔ)上再作努力，以能一定程度地彌補以上不足，對初曙時代的冰島社會狀況和文化發(fā)展進行多側(cè)面的描述，考察、分析其形成原因和影響，并從冰島文明傳播的興衰沉浮中，初步探索一下文明交往的經(jīng)驗和理論。 本文第一章為冰島早期移民概況。著重從早期移民來源、移民原因和早期移民生活三方面進行論述，指出冰島移民主要來自斯堪的納維亞半島的挪威，同時混有少量丹麥、瑞典和愛爾蘭凱爾特人。或為擺脫金發(fā)王哈拉爾德的暴政，或為追求自然條件更優(yōu)越的新定居地，或由于尚武嗜財?shù)男愿窈拓S富嫻熟的航海技能，一批批移民踏上了開發(fā)冰島的征途。在這座小島上，他們很快建立起幸福家園，在衣、食、住、行諸方面適應(yīng)了當?shù)厣睿泼駭?shù)達到5萬以上。 第二章為冰島早期社會文化。著重從法律體制、社會分層、宗教信仰、文化思想等四方面對這一時期的社會特征和文化成果展開了深入論述和分析。在政治上，阿爾庭像豐碑一般建立起來，被譽為全世界第一個議會；在法律制度上，“灰鵝法”頒布，以文本形式確定了冰島的法律體系；在社會分層上，戈狄和自由民之間建立了互惠互利的關(guān)系，一定程度地推進了全島民主化；在宗教上，全島實現(xiàn)了和平皈依基督教，以寬容和智慧消弭流血沖突；在化解糾紛上，法律訴訟與和平仲裁得到廣泛推廣，使法律精神牢牢扎根在全島移民心中。這些具有獨特性和開創(chuàng)性的社會文化，不僅有利于當時冰島的獨立發(fā)展，也為冰島在早期世界歷史中留下重要一筆。 第三章為冰島古代文明的延伸與終結(jié)。著重從冰島移民在格陵蘭島的開發(fā)和對北美大陸的探訪兩方面進行論述。自從成功拓殖冰島后，冰島移民繼續(xù)向昔所未聞的北大西洋深處開拓，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)格陵蘭，并在那里建立了東移民區(qū)和西移民區(qū)，一度人丁興旺，發(fā)展穩(wěn)定，直至14世紀中葉悄然神秘消失，留給后人無盡的遐想；他們曾幾度涉足北美大陸，在與土著居民的武力沖突中節(jié)節(jié)敗退，冰島文明的向西延伸遽然而止。冰島文明的延伸與終結(jié)過程，也讓我們明白，在文明交往中必須學會適應(yīng)環(huán)境、合理調(diào)整、和平共處，，固步自封或居高臨下的態(tài)度只能使這種交往陷于失敗。 從對冰島社會文化方方面面的分析和探討中可以得出這樣一個結(jié)論：冰島早期社會在繼承北歐傳統(tǒng)中進一步發(fā)展了北歐文化，為北歐文化的保存和傳播起到積極作用。
[Abstract]:874 BC to 1264, from the Norwegian immigrants until the establishment of the first block of the king of Norway directly ruled Iceland in Iceland, is the early stage of the social history of Iceland. As an extension of the Nordic culture in the North Atlantic and the important part of the watch, Iceland's social culture presents many important and profound changes in this era. Foreign scholars, especially the Nordic history scholars, from literary works, legal documents, archaeological discoveries in a variety of ways to Iceland early social culture were discussed and obtained many valuable results. However, since the study was too long ago, research results still depend on the < > Sakya Limited a large number of historical data, and the lack of sufficient evidence of archaeological materials, the study of the history of Iceland still has the depth and breadth of study room. Domestic scholars involved in this topic is very little more in this paper. To try again in the basis of the original research at home and abroad, to make up the above shortcomings, many aspects of the early Iceland social situation and cultural development of the description, investigation, analysis of its causes and effects, and from the rise and fall of Iceland civilization spread heavy floating in the preliminary exploration, experience of civilization communication and theory.
The first chapter is the overview. Iceland early immigrants mainly from early immigration sources, immigration reasons and early life of immigrants is discussed from three aspects, and points out that Iceland immigrants mainly from the Scandinavia peninsula of Norway, and mixed with a small amount of Denmark, Sweden and Ireland. Celtic king Harald blonde or to get rid of tyranny, or the pursuit of superior natural conditions the new settlement, or due to a wealth of martial character and rich skillful seamanship, a group of settlers on the development of Iceland's path. On the island, they quickly set up a happy home, in the clothing, food, housing, etc. for adapt to the local life, the number of immigrants reached 50 thousand above.
The second chapter is the Iceland early social culture. Mainly from the legal system, social stratification, religion, culture and other four aspects of social characteristics and cultural achievements of this period carried out in-depth discussion and analysis. In politics, like al tribunal set up general monument, known as the world's first parliament in the legal system; on the "gray law" promulgated, in the form of text to determine the legal system in Iceland; in the social stratification, the mutually beneficial relationship is established between GE Di and freemen, to a certain extent to promote the democratization of the island; in religion, the island achieved peace to convert to Christianity, tolerance and wisdom to eliminate the bloodshed; in resolving disputes, litigation and arbitration has been widely used to make peace, firmly rooted in the hearts of the spirit of the law. These immigrants have a unique and groundbreaking social culture, not only conducive to the time Independent development of Iceland, to Iceland in the early history of the world leave an important pen.
The third chapter is the extension and the end of Iceland's ancient civilization. Focus on the development of immigrants from Iceland in Greenland and North America to visit two aspects. Since the successful colonization of Iceland, Iceland immigrants continue to develop to the past unheard of North Atlantic deep, they found that Greenland, and the establishment of the East and west region where a person immigration area, Ding Xingwang, development and stability, until the mid fourteenth Century quietly disappeared, left us endless reverie; they had a few degrees in the North American continent, in armed conflict with the natives of the retreat, Iceland civilization suddenly ended. Westward extension and termination of Iceland civilization, also let us understand that in the cultural communication process must learn to adapt to the environment, reasonable adjustment, peaceful coexistence, complacent or condescending attitude can make into the failure of this communication.
From the analysis and discussion of Iceland social and cultural aspects of such a conclusion can be drawn: the Iceland society in the early succession in the further development of the traditional Nordic Nordic culture, to a positive role for the preservation and dissemination of Nordic culture.

【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K535.2

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 陳靜;來自冰火之島的啟—冰島義務(wù)教育段學校的心理健康教育研究[D];華中科技大學;2011年

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