本文選題：伊朗　切入點(diǎn)：巴列維王朝　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,現(xiàn)代化大潮沖擊著眾多發(fā)展中國(guó)家。發(fā)展中國(guó)家既面臨著國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化的挑戰(zhàn),也為實(shí)現(xiàn)富國(guó)強(qiáng)民的愿望帶來(lái)了機(jī)遇。在這兩種趨勢(shì)的合力作用下,這些國(guó)家紛紛走上了現(xiàn)代化改革和建構(gòu)現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家的征程。面對(duì)現(xiàn)代化大潮的沖擊和建構(gòu)現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家的壓力,各國(guó)做出的回應(yīng)也有所不同。 巴列維王朝統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的伊朗,懷著實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化和成功建構(gòu)現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家的強(qiáng)烈愿望在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域?qū)嵤┝艘幌盗懈母?但最終改革功敗垂成。究其原因,是國(guó)王政權(quán)未能處理好發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定、傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代、繼承與批判等之間的關(guān)系。面對(duì)現(xiàn)代化大潮的沖擊,國(guó)王政權(quán)進(jìn)行改革,其初衷是發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、增強(qiáng)國(guó)力、鞏固政權(quán),這是毋庸置疑的。 自20世紀(jì)六十年代伊朗政府實(shí)施了白色革命后,一系列社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革措施相繼推出,伊朗社會(huì)經(jīng)歷了前所未有的激烈震蕩和深刻變化。在這一進(jìn)程中,改革與保守、發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定、傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代、繼承與批判的矛盾沖突始終交織其間。能否成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家建構(gòu)任務(wù),就在于能否有效地協(xié)調(diào)處理好這些關(guān)系。國(guó)王在國(guó)家建構(gòu)過(guò)程中,始終存在著重經(jīng)濟(jì)、輕政治的傾向�，F(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程包羅萬(wàn)象,不能將其歸結(jié)為某一領(lǐng)域、某一方面的革新,這一進(jìn)程包括社會(huì)生活的方方面面。由于對(duì)現(xiàn)代化的片面理解,直接導(dǎo)致了其在現(xiàn)代化改革中一系列舉措失當(dāng),終致改革失敗。國(guó)王政權(quán)在現(xiàn)代化改革中缺乏系統(tǒng)完備的理論,使其在改革過(guò)程中始終處于混亂狀態(tài)。在國(guó)家建構(gòu)過(guò)程中,他進(jìn)行世俗化改革的目的,是為了削弱烏里瑪?shù)膭?shì)力,加強(qiáng)對(duì)意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域的掌控,弱化伊斯蘭教什葉派傳統(tǒng)在民眾中的影響,但事與愿違,結(jié)果是加劇了教俗沖突;有鑒于此,國(guó)王在政治上的控制更加嚴(yán)密,以致形成獨(dú)裁局面,從而對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)生了消極影響。此外未能處理好繼承傳統(tǒng)文化與吸收外來(lái)文明之間的關(guān)系,上述種種原因全面削弱了國(guó)王政權(quán)的政治合法性根基和來(lái)源。由于深陷這種“建構(gòu)性困境”使其未能完成現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家建構(gòu)任務(wù),因此也就無(wú)法處理好發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系,不能實(shí)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的融合了。 70年代后期當(dāng)伊朗經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)突然惡化,導(dǎo)致各種矛盾日益尖銳,伊斯蘭革命的爆發(fā)也就無(wú)法避免了。國(guó)家建構(gòu)使命未能完成,伊朗現(xiàn)代化改革不成功,最終導(dǎo)致國(guó)王政權(quán)的倒臺(tái)。這種現(xiàn)象的確發(fā)人深思,國(guó)王實(shí)施現(xiàn)代化改革的目的是以一場(chǎng)自上而下的改革完成現(xiàn)代國(guó)家建構(gòu)任務(wù),以此來(lái)阻止一場(chǎng)自下而上革命的爆發(fā),但最終事與愿違,歷史證明這只是他的一廂情愿。由于對(duì)現(xiàn)代化的片面理解,致使政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、意識(shí)形態(tài)無(wú)法同步協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,也就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家建構(gòu)目標(biāo)。這既是伊朗的“殊相”,也是許多面臨國(guó)家建構(gòu)任務(wù)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家的“共相”。
[Abstract]:After the end of the second World War, the tide of modernization hit many developing countries. The developing countries faced the challenge of national modernization and also brought opportunities to realize the aspirations of rich countries and strong citizens. Under the combined effect of these two trends, These countries have embarked on the course of modernization reform and the construction of modern nation-state. In the face of the impact of the tide of modernization and the pressure of constructing modern nation-state, the responses made by different countries are different. During the Baleway dynasty, Iran carried out a series of reforms in the economic, political and ideological fields with the strong desire to realize modernization and successfully construct a modern nation-state, but in the end the reform failed. It is the king's regime that has failed to handle the relationship between development and stability, tradition and modernity, inheritance and criticism, etc. In the face of the impact of the tide of modernization, the king's regime reformed with the original intention of developing the economy, strengthening national strength, and consolidating political power. This is beyond doubt. Since the white revolution was carried out by the Iranian government in the 1960s, a series of social and economic reform measures have been introduced one after another, and Iranian society has experienced unprecedented intense shocks and profound changes. In this process, reform and conservatism, The contradiction between development and stability, tradition and modernity, inheritance and criticism is always intertwined. Whether or not the task of state construction can be successfully realized depends on whether these relations can be effectively coordinated and handled. There has always been a tendency to attach importance to the economy rather than politics. The modernization process is all-encompassing and cannot be attributed to innovation in a certain field or an area, which includes all aspects of social life. As a result of the one-sided understanding of modernization, It leads directly to a series of improper measures in the modernization reform and ultimately to the failure of the reform. The king's regime lacks a systematic and complete theory in the modernization reform, which makes it always in a state of confusion in the course of the reform. The purpose of his secularization reform was to weaken Ulema's power, strengthen his control over the ideological field, and weaken the influence of the Shia tradition of Islam among the people. In view of this, the king's tighter political control led to a dictatorship which had a negative impact on the reform of the economic system and the modernization of the economy, and failed to deal well with the relationship between the inheritance of traditional cultures and the absorption of foreign civilizations, All these reasons have completely weakened the foundation and source of political legitimacy of the King's regime. Because of this "constructive dilemma", which has prevented it from completing the task of constructing a modern nation-state, it is therefore unable to properly handle the relationship between development and stability. The fusion of tradition and modernity cannot be achieved. When Iran's economic situation suddenly deteriorated in the late 1970s, leading to increasingly sharp contradictions, the outbreak of the Islamic revolution was inevitable. The mission of national construction was not completed, and Iran's modernization reform was unsuccessful. This phenomenon is indeed thought-provoking. The king's purpose in carrying out modernization reform is to complete the task of building a modern state with a top-down reform, so as to prevent the outbreak of a bottom-up revolution. But in the end, it backfired. History proved that this was only his wishful thinking. Because of his one-sided understanding of modernization, politics, economy and ideology could not develop simultaneously and harmoniously. This is not only the "difference" of Iran, but also the "common" of many developing countries facing the task of nation-building.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K373.5

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