本文選題：日本近代地方自治　切入點：形成　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 從古代國家產(chǎn)生到近世,日本的地方統(tǒng)治制度具有自己的特點。而地方自治傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生,特別是在幕末村落共同體的地方公共關(guān)系的發(fā)達(dá),為近代日本采用地方自治制度提供了一定的條件。明治維新初期,政府通過實行廢藩置縣,實現(xiàn)了中央集權(quán),在府縣以下的地方實行大區(qū)小區(qū)的行政制度。但是由于地方民會的蓬勃發(fā)展,推動政府改革地方制度,1878年頒布了郡區(qū)町村編制法、府縣會規(guī)則和地方稅規(guī)則,被統(tǒng)稱為三新法,初步承認(rèn)了底層町村的自治,成為地方自治的實驗室。但是不久由于自由民權(quán)運(yùn)動的激化,政府再次改革縮小地方的自治權(quán)限。在經(jīng)歷了反復(fù)的探索后,為了鞏固即將建立的天皇制國家,實現(xiàn)修改不平等條約的目標(biāo),在山縣有朋的主持下,1888年市制町村制、1890年府縣制郡制發(fā)布,標(biāo)志著日本近代地方自治立法形成。而后隨著日本資本主義的確立,到1911年左右,府縣制郡制和市制町村制經(jīng)過改革后終于穩(wěn)固地確立下來。日本近代地方自治制度具有很大的保守性,其形成是明治政府從上而下設(shè)置的同時,地方社會傳統(tǒng)和自由民權(quán)運(yùn)動也起到了很大的推動作用。
[Abstract]:From ancient countries to modern times, Japan's local rule system has its own characteristics, and the emergence of the tradition of local autonomy, especially at the end of the village community of local public relations developed, In the early days of the Meiji Restoration, the government implemented the abolition of the prefectures, and realized the centralization of power. However, due to the vigorous development of the local people's associations and the promotion of the government to reform the local system, in 1878 the law on the establishment of prefectures and districts, the rules of prefectural and county councils and the rules of local taxes were promulgated, collectively known as the "three new laws". The government initially recognized the autonomy of the lower strata and became the laboratory for local autonomy. But soon after, because of the intensification of the free and civil rights movement, the government again reformed and reduced the local autonomy authority. After repeated exploration, In order to consolidate the imperial state to be established and to achieve the goal of amending unequal treaties, under the auspices of a friend in Yamashima, the municipal system was issued in 1888 and the prefectural and county system was issued in 1890. Marked the formation of modern local autonomy legislation in Japan. Then, with the establishment of Japanese capitalism, by 1911, The system of prefectural, prefectural and municipal systems has finally been firmly established after the reform. Japan's modern local autonomy system is very conservative, and its formation was at the same time as the Meiji government set up from top to bottom. Local social traditions and liberal civil rights movements also played a big role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K313.41

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 張曉芳;;北大留日學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的《學(xué)�！冯s志研究[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2009年06期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 田雪梅;近代日本國民的鑄造：從明治到大正[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2011年

2 曹前滿;東北亞城市與海洋研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1645827