本文選題：安東尼斯庫　切入點：羅馬尼亞　出處：《陜西師范大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 1940年9月6日——1944年8月23日,羅馬尼亞處于安東尼斯庫統(tǒng)治時期,也是羅馬尼亞與納粹德國的聯(lián)盟時期。希特勒在歐洲推行針對猶太人的種族滅絕政策的同時,羅馬尼亞對猶太人的種族迫害也達到了歷史高峰。猶太人不幸的成為了安東尼斯庫政權(quán)的主要受害者。安東尼斯庫政權(quán)共殺害了其控制領(lǐng)土上約27萬猶太人,占其控制猶太人口總量的40%,而且其迫害猶太人的手段也極其殘忍。然而,二戰(zhàn)期間羅馬尼亞猶太人和羅馬尼亞占領(lǐng)地烏克蘭本土猶太人的悲慘命運,卻成為了大屠殺時代一個最容易被忽視的問題。我國學者對二戰(zhàn)中猶太人問題的研究大多集中在對德國和波蘭猶太人的研究上。本文試圖在國內(nèi)外學者的研究成果基礎之上,通過資料的整理與分析,能夠清晰準確的梳理出安東尼斯庫政權(quán)迫害猶太人的過程,并進一步探析反猶主義在羅馬尼亞盛行的根源所在,最后對安東尼斯庫的猶太人政策進行綜合評判。 本文共分為以下七個部分: 一、緒論。敘述本文選題目的、意義,并介紹目前國內(nèi)外學術(shù)界的研究概況。 二、羅馬尼亞猶太人的歷史概況。以時間為主線,分階段介紹二戰(zhàn)前猶太人在羅馬尼亞的發(fā)展情況。16世紀末,第一批有組織的猶太社團在羅馬尼亞建立;19世紀中葉,由于沙俄迫害,大量猶太移民涌入羅馬尼亞;19世紀末,羅馬尼亞各公國統(tǒng)一,猶太人口增加;1918年大羅馬尼亞組建,猶太人口驟增;1939年前猶太人口增至約75萬。自始至終猶太人都受到羅馬尼亞社會的排擠。 三、羅馬尼亞反猶主義的根源。從宗教、經(jīng)濟、種族、政治四個角度出發(fā)將羅馬尼亞的具體國情與特定的時代背景結(jié)合起來,分析二戰(zhàn)前羅馬尼亞反猶主義盛行的根源。安東尼斯庫時期羅馬尼亞對猶太人的迫害達到歷史高峰,在很大程度上正是這四方面反猶因素蔓延的結(jié)果。 四、安東尼斯庫政權(quán)的建立。詳盡介紹安東尼斯庫上臺的國內(nèi)外背景。特殊歷史時期安東尼斯庫的上臺是羅馬尼亞和德國的共同選擇。安東尼斯庫把重新獲得在“維也納仲裁”中丟失掉領(lǐng)土的希望建立在與希特勒聯(lián)盟的基礎之上,他追隨希特勒南征北戰(zhàn)的同時加緊了對其控制領(lǐng)土上猶太人的迫害。 五、安東尼斯庫政權(quán)迫害猶太人的過程。以時間為主軸,以安東尼斯庫政府猶太人政策的演化為界限,將安東尼斯庫迫害猶太人的過程大致分為六個階段:限制、打擊—大屠殺—圈禁烏克蘭—禍及烏克蘭猶太人—出口巴勒斯坦—庇護匈牙利猶太人。 六、安東尼斯庫政權(quán)迫害猶太人的特點。安東尼斯庫政府的“種族滅絕”政策主要具有以下三個特點:(1)殘酷性,殺害猶太人的數(shù)量龐大且手段殘忍;(2)區(qū)域性,烏克蘭猶太人的死亡率高于羅馬尼亞猶太人的死亡率,羅馬尼亞領(lǐng)土內(nèi)不同區(qū)域猶太人的死亡率不同;(3)自主性,二戰(zhàn)中羅馬尼亞的反猶主義具有一種自發(fā)性,而且在希特勒時代,羅馬尼亞的猶太人政策又具有一定的自主性。 七、結(jié)語。概括總結(jié)本文主要內(nèi)容和基本觀點,突出本文主旨。安東尼斯庫時期羅馬尼亞的反猶主義達到了歷史最高峰,其中既有歷史根源,也有現(xiàn)實原因,還包括個人因素。安東尼斯庫的猶太人政策會隨著國際局勢的變化“及時”得到調(diào)整。
[Abstract]:September 6, 1940 - August 23, 1944 in Romania, Antonescu's reign, Romania is also in alliance with the Nazi Germany era. Hitler introduced in Europe for the Jewish genocide policy at the same time, Romania s ethnic persecution of Jews also reached a historical peak. The Jews unfortunately become the main victims of the Antonescu regime. Antonescu killed the control on the territory of about 270 thousand Jews, accounting for 40% of the total Jewish population control, and the persecution of the Jews means extremely cruel. However, the tragic fate of the Jews in Romania and Romania occupied Ukraine local Jews during World War II, has become one of the most easily overlooked problems. Research on World War II Holocaust era Jewish problem the Chinese scholars mostly focused on the Jews in Germany and Poland Study on. This article based on the domestic and foreign scholar's research results, through data collection and analysis, can clearly sort out the process of Antonescu persecution of the Jews, and further analysis of anti Semitism in Romania where the most popular source, of Antonescu's Jewish policy evaluation.
This article is divided into the following seven parts:
First, the introduction describes the purpose and significance of this topic, and introduces the current research situation in the academic circles at home and abroad.
Two, the history of the Jews in Romania. With time as the main line, a phased introduction of Jews in Romania before the Second World War the development situation of.16 at the end of the century, the first organized Jewish community in Romania; the middle of the nineteenth Century, due to the Tsarist persecution, a great number of Jewish immigrants into Romania; at the end of nineteenth Century, Romania unified the principality, the Jewish population increased; the formation of Romania in 1918, export surge in 1939 before the Jews; Jewish population increased to about 750 thousand. Jews were excluded from first to last in Romania society.
Three, the root of Romania anti Semitism. From the religious, economic, racial, political four aspects of specific conditions in Romania combined with the specific background, analysis of the causes of anti Semitism in Romania before World War II. Anton Nisko of Romania during the persecution of the Jews reached a historical peak, to a great extent, it is this four aspects of anti Semitism spread factors results.
Four, the establishment of the Antonescu regime. The detailed introduction of the background at home and abroad. Antonescu took a special historical period of Antonescu came to Germany and Romania are the common choice. Antonescu to regain the "Vienna arbitration" in the lost territory that built on the basis of the alliance with Hitler, he followed Hitler in the civil war at the same time stepped up control of the territory of the Jews persecuted.
Five, during the Antonescu regime persecution of the Jews. According to the time sequence, with the Antonescu administration policy for the evolution of Jewish boundaries, the persecution of the Jews in Antonescu can be divided into six stages: limit, blow - - - Ukraine massacre ring ban and curse the Jews in Ukraine - the Palestinian export refuge of Hungarian Jews.
Six, the characteristics of the Antonescu regime persecution of the Jews. The Antonescu government's "genocide" policy mainly has the following three characteristics: (1) cruel, killing the Jews and the large number of cruel means; (2) regional, Ukraine Jewish mortality rate is higher than the Romania Jews mortality, the territory of Romania in different regions of the Jews mortality different; (3) autonomy, World War II anti Semitism in Romania has a spontaneous, but also in the Hitler era, Romania's Jewish policy and has certain autonomy.
Seven, conclusion. Summarize the main contents of this paper and the basic point of view, highlighting the purport of the thesis. Antonescu in Romania during the period of anti Semitism reached a historical peak, which has historical roots, there are practical reasons, including individual factors. Antonescu's Jewish policy will change with the international situation in a timely manner. "To be adjusted.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K542

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 李瑞居;安東尼斯庫時期羅馬尼亞的外交抉擇（1940-1944）[D];陜西師范大學;2011年

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本文編號：1622164