本文選題：美國女性主義第三次浪潮　切入點(diǎn)：后女性主義　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2009年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 女性主義歷史學(xué)家用浪潮(wave)這一術(shù)語來描述美國女性主義思潮在歷史中的特定發(fā)展階段,突顯女性主義知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)向新階段的動(dòng)態(tài)過程。雖然第三次浪潮進(jìn)入人們的視野已有十六年的歷史,但是學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)究竟什么是第三次浪潮、它包括哪些流派、它是否做出了超越第二次浪潮的貢獻(xiàn)等方面仍有很大的爭(zhēng)議。造成這種爭(zhēng)議的一個(gè)外在原因是美國主流媒體潛移默化的宣傳。長(zhǎng)期以來,作為男權(quán)意識(shí)形態(tài)喉舌的美國主流媒體一直以各種形式宣傳反女性主義的言論,這在1980年到1992年里根和老布什總統(tǒng)當(dāng)政時(shí)代尤為明顯,女性主義學(xué)術(shù)界因此將這一保守階段稱為回潮時(shí)代。在1992年以后的后回潮時(shí)代(post-backlash era),美國的主流媒體仍然極力宣揚(yáng)反對(duì)女性主義的男權(quán)思想,而且它所采取的形式更為隱蔽。許多美國民眾因此普遍認(rèn)為:第三次浪潮由性感、時(shí)髦的青年女性倡導(dǎo),她們對(duì)第二次浪潮持?jǐn)骋暫头穸ǖ膽B(tài)度。本文認(rèn)為,第三次浪潮并不僅僅是由年輕女性倡導(dǎo)的女性主義,它也并不與第二次浪潮存在對(duì)抗和沖突。第三次浪潮不愿與第二次浪潮相認(rèn)同的一個(gè)根本原因是:受后現(xiàn)代主義、后結(jié)構(gòu)主義和后殖民主義等思潮的影響,美國女性主義理論內(nèi)部經(jīng)歷著一場(chǎng)從追求同一、關(guān)注差異到包容差異的范式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。這種轉(zhuǎn)變使第三次浪潮擁護(hù)多元性,解構(gòu)固化身份,拒絕中心和權(quán)威。 本論文還試圖論證在1992年以后的后回潮時(shí)期,美國的女性主義運(yùn)動(dòng)并沒有像主流媒體所宣揚(yáng)的那樣走向終結(jié)而步入“后女性主義時(shí)代”。相反,它呈現(xiàn)出更為多元的理論思潮。由于認(rèn)識(shí)到女性生活在壓迫網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不同節(jié)點(diǎn)上,這一時(shí)期的美國女性主義強(qiáng)調(diào)女性內(nèi)部的差異,要求把“女性”的范疇具體化,并突破僅僅關(guān)注女性問題的狀況而把歧視婦女的所有壓迫形式包括到女性主義的綱領(lǐng)之中。因此女性主義致力于反對(duì)種族主義、階級(jí)壓迫、異性戀主義,帝國主義、新殖民主義、人類中心主義等各種形式的共時(shí)性壓迫。青年女性主義、有色人種女性主義、后殖民女性主義、怪異理論、生態(tài)女性主義、賽博女性主義等思潮共同組成美國女性主義的第三次浪潮,呈現(xiàn)出多元共生和更具包容性的態(tài)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Feminist historians use the term wave wave to describe the particular stage of American feminism in history. Although the third wave has been in the field of vision for 16 years, the academic circles have been concerned about what is the third wave and which schools it includes. Whether it has made contributions beyond the second wave is still very controversial. One external reason for this controversy is the subtle publicity of the mainstream media in the United States. For a long time, The mainstream American media, which is the mouthpiece of patriarchal ideology, has been propagating anti-feminist remarks in various forms, especially during the days of Reagan and Bush Sr. from 1980 to 1992. The feminist academic circles therefore called this conservative period the "return era". In the post-backlash era after 1992, the mainstream media in the United States still vigorously advocated the idea of masculinity against feminism. And it takes a more covert form. So many Americans generally think that the third wave is advocated by sexy, stylish young women who are hostile and negative to the second wave. The third wave is not only feminism advocated by young women, but also does not confront and conflict with the second wave. One of the fundamental reasons why the third wave is unwilling to identify with the second wave is that it is subjected to postmodernism. Under the influence of post-structuralism and post-colonialism, American feminist theory has experienced a paradigm shift from pursuing identity, paying attention to difference to tolerating difference, which makes the third wave support pluralism. Deconstruct solidify identity, reject center and authority. The thesis also tries to demonstrate that in the post-trend period after 1992, the feminist movement in the United States did not come to an end, as the mainstream media preached, and stepped into the "post-feminist era." on the contrary, Recognizing that women live on different nodes of the oppressive network, American feminism in this period emphasized the differences within women and called for the concretization of the category of "women". And to break through the mere concern about women and include all forms of oppression that discriminate against women into the feminist agenda. So feminism is committed to opposing racism, class oppression, heterosexuality, imperialism, Neocolonialism, anthropocentrism and other forms of synchronic oppression. Youth feminism, colored feminism, post-colonial feminism, weird theory, ecological feminism, Cyberfeminism and other trends of thought constitute the third wave of American feminism, showing a pluralistic symbiosis and a more inclusive trend.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1589188