本文選題：近代日本　切入點：藩閥　出處：《中國社會科學院研究生院》2009年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 藩閥是指明治維新之后,在明治政府中居于中樞地位的極少數(shù)舊薩摩、長州二藩的中下級武士出身的軍閥與官僚集團,由于他們功勛卓著,逐漸成為政府的領導核心,由此形成了所謂的藩閥政府。第一代藩閥的代表人物主要有伊藤博文、山縣有朋、井上馨、黑田清隆、松方正義等人,尤其是伊藤博文繼維新三杰大久保利通、木戶孝允、西鄉(xiāng)隆盛之后,逐漸躍居政治舞臺的中心,成為藩閥的核心和代表人物,在明治中后期的日本政局中發(fā)揮了不可或缺的重要作用。作為明治憲法的制定者和藩閥的代表,他親自制定《大日本帝國憲法》,并于明治22年(1889)2月11日以天皇御賜形式正式頒布,從此確立了以天皇為核心的多元政治體制,即明治憲法體制,由此奠定了近代日本政治體制的基石。 伊藤在憲法頒布之初,發(fā)表“超然主義”演說,強調政府要超然于政黨之外。但隨著時勢變化,尤其是自己組閣期間面對在眾議院中強大的政黨勢力,他又不得不采取與政黨之一的自由黨相互提攜的政策。不過在取得政黨支持的同時,就必須要滿足其所提出的獵官、認同其政策等諸方面的要求,與現(xiàn)有政黨提攜的成本也是客觀存在的。然而,通過實踐證明在立憲體制下又不可能實行“超然主義”,面臨這種不利狀況,伊藤逐步從接受政黨最終發(fā)展到親自組建政黨。但兩次計劃均遭其他藩閥領袖特別是山縣有朋的反對和沒有得到天皇的支持而流產(chǎn),最終第三次組黨計劃得以實現(xiàn),于1900年以憲政黨解散加入伊藤新黨的形式,建立了立憲政友會。
[Abstract]:The vassal valve refers to a very small number of old Samos who occupied a central position in the Meiji government after the Meiji Restoration, and the warlords and bureaucrats of the middle and lower samurai of Changju and Erfan, who, because of their outstanding achievements, gradually became the core of the leadership of the government. As a result, the so-called vassal government was formed. The representatives of the first generation of the vassal warlords are mainly Ito Po-wen, Shan County with friends, Inoue Shangxin, Kuroda Qinglong, Matsufangsu, etc., especially Ito Po-wen, following the three great heroes of the reform, Kuo Huo Hsiao-yun, After the heyday of Xixiang, he gradually leapt to the center of the political stage, becoming the core and representative figure of the vassal valve, and playing an indispensable and important role in the Japanese political situation in the middle and late Meiji period. As the maker of the Meiji Constitution and the representative of the vassal valve, He personally formulated the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which he formally promulgated in February 11th in the form of the emperor's imperial gift, and then established a pluralistic political system with the emperor as the core, that is, the Meiji constitutional system. This laid the foundation of modern Japanese political system. At the beginning of the promulgation of the Constitution, Ito delivered a "transcendental" speech, stressing that the government should be aloof from the political parties. But as the times changed, especially in the face of the powerful political party forces in the House of Representatives during his cabinet formation, He also had to adopt a policy of mutual support with the Liberal Party, one of the political parties. However, in order to gain support from political parties, he had to satisfy his demands for hunting officials, identify with his policies, and so on. The cost of carrying out the existing political parties is also objective. However, it has been proved by practice that it is impossible to carry out "detachment" under the constitutional system, facing this kind of disadvantage. Ito gradually developed from accepting a political party to forming a political party himself. However, both plans were aborted by opposition from other leaders of the vassal lords, especially those in Yamashima, and without the support of the emperor, and the third party formation plan was finally realized. In 1900, the Constitutionalism Party dissolved and joined the Ito New Party.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K313.41

【引證文獻】

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1 孫志鵬;明治政史中超然主義的興起與衰落[D];東北師范大學;2010年

2 于飛;日本明治時期多元政治結構的重新確立及其對政黨政治的影響[D];遼寧大學;2012年

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本文編號：1589159