本文選題：情報機構(gòu)　切入點：庫爾恰托夫　出處：《陜西師范大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 本文主要研究的是蘇聯(lián)情報機構(gòu)在蘇聯(lián)原子彈研制當中的作用。衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,蘇聯(lián)核裂變研究陷入停滯。蘇聯(lián)政府正是通過情報機構(gòu)才獲悉國外原子彈研制的最新進展,從而在1942年底1943年初重新啟動核研究計劃。隨后,以庫爾恰托夫為首的蘇聯(lián)科學家利用情報機構(gòu)不斷提供的英美原子彈研制方面的最新情報,全力以赴進行研究。1945年8月,美國原子彈在日本爆炸后,蘇聯(lián)動員全國的人力物力加速研制,終于在1949年試爆成功首顆原子彈。本文試圖利用最新解密的蘇聯(lián)歷史檔案,對這個問題作以探討。 本文共分五個部分。 緒論部分主要介紹了本文選題的原由、意義及國內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀。 第一節(jié)概述了衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前各國原子彈研制的進展狀況以及早期情報機構(gòu)對核裂變研究的關(guān)注。 第二節(jié)是論文的核心部分。主要講述了衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)爭期間情報機構(gòu)對蘇聯(lián)原子彈研制的推動作用。衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,蘇聯(lián)核研究陷入停滯狀態(tài)。由于各種原因,情報機構(gòu)初期獲取的情報并未受到重視。但是隨著情報的增多,蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導人逐漸改變了對此事的看法。1942年3月貝利亞對前期收到的情報進行了總結(jié),并向斯大林遞呈了報告。1943年初,衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)爭形勢好轉(zhuǎn),蘇聯(lián)制定了一系列政策,重新啟動自己的原子彈研制計劃。情報機構(gòu)的工作力度也大大加強,英美在原子彈研制方面的最新情報源源不斷的傳回蘇聯(lián)國內(nèi),為蘇聯(lián)科學家的核研究工作提供了很大便利。從庫爾恰托夫?qū)η閳蟮目偨Y(jié)和評估中就可以看出情報機構(gòu)在蘇聯(lián)首顆原子彈研制過程中的巨大作用。 第三節(jié)主要講述戰(zhàn)后情報機構(gòu)與蘇聯(lián)的原子彈研制的關(guān)系。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,蘇聯(lián)和英美從盟友變成了冷戰(zhàn)的對手,蘇聯(lián)情報機構(gòu)進行情報活動的有利條件逐漸喪失,作用也逐漸減少,但是它在戰(zhàn)爭期間所獲得的情報已經(jīng)為戰(zhàn)后的研制打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。1945年,美國原子彈在日本爆炸成功后,蘇聯(lián)原子彈研制工作開始加速,并且在1949年8月試爆成功。美英等國大為震驚,從而在西方國家引發(fā)了一系列原子間諜案。這從一個側(cè)面證明了蘇聯(lián)情報機構(gòu)在蘇聯(lián)原子彈研制過程中的作用。 結(jié)束語部分從情報機構(gòu)對蘇聯(lián)政府決策的影響,對蘇聯(lián)核研究提供的巨大幫助等方面對其在蘇聯(lián)首顆原子彈研制中所起的作用進行了全面公正的評價。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the role of Soviet intelligence agencies in the development of Soviet atomic bombs. After the outbreak of the Patriotic War, the Soviet Union's nuclear fission research came to a standstill. It was through the intelligence agencies that the Soviet government was informed of the latest developments in the development of atomic bombs abroad. Then on end of 1942, on early 1943, the nuclear research program was restarted. Then Soviet scientists, led by Kurtatov, made full use of the latest information provided by intelligence agencies on the development of the British and American atomic bombs. In August 1945, After the explosion of the American atomic bomb in Japan, the Soviet Union mobilized the manpower and material resources of the whole country to accelerate the development of the atomic bomb, and finally succeeded in the first atomic bomb explosion in 1949. This paper attempts to use the newly declassified historical archives of the Soviet Union to discuss this problem. This paper is divided into five parts. The introduction part mainly introduces the reason, significance and the present situation of the research at home and abroad. The first section summarizes the progress of atomic bomb development before the outbreak of the Patriotic War and the concerns of early intelligence agencies on nuclear fission research. The second section is the core part of the thesis. It mainly describes the role of the intelligence agencies in promoting the development of the atomic bomb in the Soviet Union during the Patriotic War. After the outbreak of the Patriotic War, the nuclear research of the Soviet Union came to a standstill. Intelligence that was initially acquired by intelligence agencies was not taken seriously. But with the increase in intelligence, Soviet leaders gradually changed their views on the matter. In March 1942, Beria summarized the information received earlier. And submitted a report to Stalin in early 1943, when the situation of the Patriotic War improved, the Soviet Union formulated a series of policies to restart its atomic bomb development program, and the work of the intelligence agencies was greatly strengthened. The latest information from Britain and the United States on the development of the atomic bomb continued to spread back to the Soviet Union. From the summary and evaluation of intelligence, we can see the great role of intelligence agencies in the development of the first atomic bomb in the Soviet Union. The third section mainly deals with the relationship between the intelligence agencies after the war and the development of the atomic bomb of the Soviet Union. After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States and the United States changed from allies to Cold War adversaries, and the favorable conditions for Soviet intelligence agencies to carry out intelligence activities were gradually lost. Its role has gradually diminished, but the information it gained during the war has laid a good foundation for postwar development. In 1945, after the successful explosion of the American atomic bomb in Japan, Soviet atomic bomb development began to accelerate. In August 1949, the explosion was successful. The United States and Britain were shocked, thus triggering a series of atomic espionage cases in the West, which proved the role of Soviet intelligence agencies in the development of the atomic bomb in the Soviet Union. The conclusion part makes a comprehensive and fair evaluation on the role of the intelligence agencies in the development of the first atomic bomb in the Soviet Union from the aspects of the influence of the intelligence agencies on the decision-making of the Soviet government and the great help provided by the Soviet Union in nuclear research.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K512.5

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