本文選題：蘇聯(lián)　切入點：宗教政策　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2009年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 在當(dāng)代世界上,宗教信仰是極為普遍的社會現(xiàn)象,約有80%的世界人口有宗教信仰,宗教種類繁多、差別各異。因宗教信仰所引發(fā)的社會矛盾和沖突層出不窮,宗教在國際生活中和國家的各領(lǐng)域生活中的影響巨大,成為世界上乃至各國內(nèi)一種不可忽視的社會勢力。而對于20世紀(jì)世界上領(lǐng)土面積最大的國家蘇聯(lián)來說,不但擁有著眾多的民族和復(fù)雜的民族關(guān)系,而且還是宗教信仰種類繁多和宗教信仰氛圍極為濃厚的大國。有中國學(xué)者指出:“俄羅斯是一個典型的東正教國家,東正教對俄羅斯的影響巨大而又深遠(yuǎn)�！砹_斯的歷史就是俄羅斯國家與東正教相互融合與相互滲透的歷史,無法把兩者嚴(yán)格地區(qū)分開來�！雹龠@里所說的俄羅斯應(yīng)該包括蘇聯(lián)時期在內(nèi)。在蘇聯(lián)時期,不但東正教勢力得以存在乃至發(fā)展,蘇聯(lián)國內(nèi)其他宗教也有相當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)量和一定的社會影響。在蘇聯(lián)這樣的國家里,要想處理好國家與宗教之間關(guān)系是一件極為不易的事情,而國家的宗教政策又會直接地影響到宗教的存在和發(fā)展,會影響到各宗教之間關(guān)系的走向,也會引發(fā)包括宗教問題在內(nèi)的一系列社會問題的尖銳化和嚴(yán)重化。這樣,為了處理好國家與宗教之間的關(guān)系、平衡宗教之間的利益關(guān)系以及維護(hù)社會的穩(wěn)定,國家對宗教的政策就顯得極為重要。 20世紀(jì)90年代初,蘇聯(lián)突然崩塌分裂,震驚世界,同時它的解體也標(biāo)志著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后所形成的冷戰(zhàn)格局的被打破,世界秩序也由兩極格局轉(zhuǎn)變成為多極化格局。而作為當(dāng)時世界上兩極格局之一極的蘇聯(lián)的解體是一個令人深思的歷史性問題。而造成蘇聯(lián)解體的因素是多方面的,既有傳統(tǒng)性的政治理念、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、文化因素、價值觀念和外部環(huán)境的影響,也有新的政治觀念、經(jīng)濟(jì)理論、文化思想和國際環(huán)境等諸多因素的影響。在諸多造成蘇聯(lián)解體的因素當(dāng)中,國家沒有處理好宗教問題也是誘因之一,即與蘇聯(lián)國家宗教政策所存在的問題及其這種宗教政策所帶來的社會影響是不可或缺的。 眾所周知,戈爾巴喬夫是決定蘇聯(lián)解體的關(guān)鍵人物,他執(zhí)政的1985-1991年所奉行的宗教政策對蘇聯(lián)解體發(fā)生了重要的影響。 本論文的研究是遵循歷史唯物主義的基本原理,以馬克思主義關(guān)于宗教與國家的關(guān)系理論為基礎(chǔ),以歷史文獻(xiàn)資料和檔案資料為依據(jù),以歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程為線索,側(cè)重研究在戈爾巴喬夫時期蘇聯(lián)國家的宗教政策,以及這一政策對蘇聯(lián)的影響,特別是對宗教勢力發(fā)展和滲透的推動作用。 在這一論題的研究內(nèi)容中,首先,著重宏觀性地介紹了蘇聯(lián)各個歷史時期國家對宗教的政策的變化情況以及扼要地分析了各宗教政策中所包含著的歷史問題,在此基礎(chǔ)之上,重點地闡述和研究了在蘇聯(lián)走向分裂的戈爾巴喬夫時期,國家對宗教發(fā)展的政策變化以及這些宗教政策對國內(nèi)宗教發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的影響和所暴露出來的問題,國內(nèi)宗教發(fā)展形勢和影響以及國外宗教勢力的滲透情況,國內(nèi)外宗教極端勢力在蘇聯(lián)解體中所產(chǎn)生的深刻的影響,最后,從整體和理論的層面上,以1985-1991年為所研究的主要時間段落,針對因宗教政策存在的問題而引發(fā)的一系列社會問題在蘇聯(lián)解體過程中所產(chǎn)生的深刻影響,多方位地、比較深入地進(jìn)行了分析和研究,力求將這一時期宗教勢力在蘇聯(lián)國家中所處的地位和所發(fā)生的影響,以及宗教與國家間所存在的密切關(guān)系展現(xiàn)出來。
[Abstract]:In the contemporary world, religion is a very common social phenomenon, about 80% of the world's population have religious beliefs, religious types, the differences vary. Due to religious beliefs caused social contradictions and conflicts emerge in an endless stream, in the field of international religious life and national students live in huge influence, and even become the world each one can not ignore the social forces. In twentieth Century and the largest territory area in the world of the Soviet Union, not only has a large number of ethnic groups and the complex ethnic relations, but also the types of religious belief and religious belief are extremely strong atmosphere of the country. There are Chinese scholars pointed out: "Russia is a typical the Orthodox countries, mutual fusion and mutual penetration of the orthodox history of Russia's great and profound influence. The history of Russia is Russia and the Orthodox Church, to two Strictly separate areas. "It said Russia should include the Soviet Union. During the Soviet era, not only the existence and development of the orthodox forces, the Soviet Union also has a considerable number of other religious and social influence. In the countries like the Soviet Union, to handle the relationship between the state and religion is a a very easy thing, but the country's religious policy will directly affect the existence and development of religion, will affect the trend of the relationship between the various religions, sharp and serious will also cause a series of social problems, including religious problems. So, in order to deal with the relationship between state and religion the balance of the interests of the relationship between religion and the maintenance of social stability, national religious policy is extremely important.
At the beginning of 1990s, sudden collapse of the Soviet Union shocked the world, at the same time it also marks the collapse formed after the Second World War, the cold war pattern was broken, the bipolar structure of world order into a multi polar pattern. And then as the disintegration of a bipolar world of the Soviet Union, is a historic problem which is deeply. And factors causing the disintegration of the Soviet Union is various, both traditional political ideology, economic factors, cultural factors, values and external environment, there is also a new political concept, economic theory, cultural ideas and international environmental factors. The factors causing the collapse of the Soviet Union in many among them, one of the country did not deal with religious issues and causes, namely social effect caused by the existing problems with the Soviet Union national religious policy and the religious policy is indispensable.
As we all know, Gorbachev is the key figure to decide the breakup of the Soviet Union. His religious policy pursued in the past 1985-1991 years has had an important influence on the breakup of the Soviet Union.
The research of this thesis is to follow the basic principle of historical materialism, the Marx doctrine on religion and national relations theory based on historical documents and archives according to the process of historical development as the clue, focuses on the study of Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the period of the religious policy, and the policy of the Soviet Union. Especially the development of religious forces and penetration of the role.
In the research content of this thesis, firstly, introduces emphatically the macroscopic policy of religious changes in various historical periods of Soviet countries and makes a brief analysis of the history of the religious policies contained in, on this basis, emphasized and studied in the Soviet Union to split the Gorbachev period, influence the development of national religious policy changes and the religious policy of domestic religious development and problems exposed, infiltration of domestic religious development situation and influence and foreign religious forces, domestic religious extremist forces resulting in the collapse of the Soviet Union and profound influence, finally, from the overall and theoretical level mainly, the research time in 1985-1991 years as the end, a series of social problems existing in the religious policy because of problems caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union in the process of The profound influence has been analyzed and studied in many aspects, trying to reveal the status and influence of religious power in the Soviet Union and the close relationship between religion and the state.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K512.56

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 呂瑞林;蘇聯(lián)重新斯大林化問題研究[D];中共中央黨校;2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉丁一;20世紀(jì)后半期美國東正教特點及其形成原因解析[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號：1584627