本文選題：英國(guó)　切入點(diǎn)：撒切爾政府　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 能源問(wèn)題是一個(gè)世界矚目的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。英國(guó)的撒切爾政府在能源政策方面提出了很多創(chuàng)見(jiàn)。它提出了能源市場(chǎng)的理念,轉(zhuǎn)變了戰(zhàn)后英國(guó)能源行業(yè)的所有制形式,并努力在英國(guó)的能源行業(yè)引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,為其后英國(guó)政府能源政策的發(fā)展奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。本文將從撒切爾政府之前英國(guó)政府的能源政策開(kāi)始,介紹撒切爾政府前英國(guó)的情況。然后,具體介紹撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)的能源政策情況。最后,對(duì)它進(jìn)行評(píng)論和分析。 本文主要分為五個(gè)部分。 第一部分主要介紹撒切爾政府前英國(guó)政府的能源政策情況,主要包括戰(zhàn)后初期艾德禮工黨政府的能源行業(yè)國(guó)有化政策、五六十年代以核能為中心的能源政策以及七十年代英國(guó)的能源安全政策等。能源政策是一個(gè)過(guò)程,具有連續(xù)性,撒切爾政府時(shí)期的能源政策必須繼承它之前的政府在能源政策方面的成果和教訓(xùn)。 第二部分主要講述的撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)的能源政策,具體包括:能源行業(yè)私有化政策、能源安全政策、能源節(jié)約和開(kāi)發(fā)政策等。能源私有化政策包括煤氣行業(yè)的私有化和電力行業(yè)的私有化以及石油行業(yè)的私有化,其中煤氣行業(yè)和電力行業(yè)的私有化為未來(lái)煤炭行業(yè)和核能行業(yè)的私有化準(zhǔn)備了條件。能源安全政策主要包括:鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展核能;打破全國(guó)礦工聯(lián)合會(huì)對(duì)煤炭行業(yè)的控制以及提倡燃料的替代。這兩部分是撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)能源政策的重點(diǎn)。能源的節(jié)約和開(kāi)發(fā)也是撒切爾政府能源政策的重要方面。 第三部分具體分析了影響撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)能源政策的幾個(gè)重要因素,主要有:經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、政黨斗爭(zhēng)和意識(shí)形態(tài)因素、環(huán)境因素和歐共體因素。其中,經(jīng)濟(jì)和意識(shí)形態(tài)因素是最為重要的。 第四部分主要是從取得的成就和存在的問(wèn)題兩個(gè)方面對(duì)撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)能源政策進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。從取得的成就來(lái)看,主要包括:撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)的能源政策引入了能源市場(chǎng)的概念,部分實(shí)現(xiàn)了撒切爾政府私有化能源行業(yè)的目標(biāo),有利于英國(guó)能源行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng);維護(hù)了英國(guó)能源供應(yīng)的安全;節(jié)約了能源,認(rèn)識(shí)到了環(huán)境問(wèn)題的重要性,有利于可再生能源的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用。同時(shí),還存在一些問(wèn)題,主要有:撒切爾政府時(shí)期的能源私有化政策的目的應(yīng)當(dāng)是在能源行業(yè)引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,建立真正的市場(chǎng),而不是僅僅把能源行業(yè)從國(guó)有轉(zhuǎn)為私有,而且私有化本身也存在問(wèn)題;環(huán)境問(wèn)題依舊沒(méi)有成為撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn);以及英國(guó)依舊沒(méi)有形成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一明確的能源政策,等等。 最后一部分是結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,主要對(duì)撒切爾政府時(shí)期英國(guó)的能源政策進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)明扼要的總結(jié),以及從撒切爾政府時(shí)期實(shí)行的能源政策中所得到的啟示。
[Abstract]:Energy is the focus of world attention. The Thatcher government in Britain has put forward a lot of ideas on energy policy. It has put forward the idea of the energy market and changed the form of ownership of the energy industry in Britain after the war. And try to introduce the competition mechanism in the energy industry of the United Kingdom, which laid a certain foundation for the development of the energy policy of the British government after that. This article will begin with the energy policy of the British government before Thatcher's government. This paper introduces the former British situation of Thatcher's government. Then, it introduces the British energy policy during Thatcher's administration. Finally, it is reviewed and analyzed. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part mainly introduces the energy policy of the former British government of Thatcher government, including the nationalization of energy industry of the Attlee Labour government in the early postwar period. The nuclear energy policy of the 1950s and 1960s and the energy security policy of the United Kingdom in 70s. Energy policy is a process with continuity. Thatcher's energy policy must inherit its previous government's achievements and lessons on energy policy. The second part mainly describes the British energy policy during the Thatcher government, including the privatization policy of the energy industry, the energy security policy. Energy conservation and development policies, etc. Energy privatization policies include the privatization of the gas industry, the privatization of the electricity industry and the privatization of the oil industry, Among them, the privatization of gas and power industries provides conditions for the privatization of the coal and nuclear industries in the future.Energy security policies mainly include: encouraging the development of nuclear energy; Breaking down the NMCO's control of the coal industry and promoting fuel substitution are two key parts of British energy policy during Thatcher's administration, and energy conservation and development are also important aspects of Thatcher's energy policy. The third part analyzes several important factors that influence the British energy policy during Thatcher's administration, including economic factors, political party struggles and ideology, environmental factors and EC factors. Economic and ideological factors are of paramount importance. The 4th part mainly evaluates the British energy policy during the Thatcher government from the aspects of achievements and problems. The main contents are as follows: the concept of energy market was introduced into Britain's energy policy during Thatcher's administration, which partly realized the goal of Thatcher's privatizing energy industry, which was conducive to the competition of British energy industry, and maintained the security of British energy supply. Saving energy, recognizing the importance of environmental problems and contributing to the development and use of renewable energy, and at the same time, there are a number of problems, The main results are as follows: the purpose of the energy privatization policy during Thatcher's administration should be to introduce competition mechanism and establish real market in the energy industry, not only to change the energy industry from state-owned to private, but also to privatize itself; Environmental issues have still not been the focus of British attention during Thatcher's administration, and Britain still does not have a unified energy policy, and so on. The last part is the conclusion, which mainly summarizes the energy policy of Britain during the Thatcher government and the enlightenment from the energy policy implemented in the Thatcher government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：F416.2;K561.5

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