本文選題：近代化　切入點(diǎn)：二元性　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：日本戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制的形成有著深厚的社會(huì)背景。明治維新之后,日本制定了大陸政策,但是日本由于國(guó)家權(quán)力掌控的二元化和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的二元化難以將人力、物力和財(cái)力結(jié)合起來(lái)服務(wù)于對(duì)外擴(kuò)張政策,因此建立戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制成為軍部的迫切需要。在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后到“九·一八”事變之前,日本社會(huì)正處于轉(zhuǎn)型期,政黨政治產(chǎn)生的困惑、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和外交環(huán)境的相對(duì)惡化成為縈繞在這一時(shí)期的日本人心頭的烏云,日本社會(huì)迫切需要做出改變。對(duì)政黨政治和國(guó)家體制的不滿(mǎn),導(dǎo)致了自由主義開(kāi)始衰落,保守主義迅速?gòu)?fù)活,國(guó)家改造思想興盛起來(lái)。日本軍部“統(tǒng)制派”就是利用了民眾的不滿(mǎn)情緒,在“總體戰(zhàn)”思想的指導(dǎo)下,結(jié)合日本社會(huì)的實(shí)際,逐步建立起了戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制。 日本的戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制經(jīng)歷了準(zhǔn)戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制、國(guó)家總動(dòng)員體制,大政翼贊體制等發(fā)展階段�？傮w戰(zhàn)中的“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)至上主義”和“國(guó)家至上主義”對(duì)日本建立戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制起到了理論指導(dǎo)的作用。軍部為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“舉國(guó)一致”和“一億總組織化”進(jìn)而應(yīng)對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中總體戰(zhàn)形勢(shì)的發(fā)展的需要,必須建立以軍部為主導(dǎo)的統(tǒng)制體制。于是軍部解散政黨,建立大政翼贊會(huì),從政府的內(nèi)閣成員到地區(qū)部落會(huì)成員都被包含在大政翼贊會(huì)之中,又通過(guò)翼贊選舉,逐步控制了議會(huì),這樣政治統(tǒng)制就建立起來(lái)了。同時(shí),通過(guò)制定《重要工業(yè)統(tǒng)制法》等法令,以同財(cái)閥建立“軍財(cái)抱合”的形式將經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速軍事化,從而建立起對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的統(tǒng)制。通過(guò)頒布《言論出版集會(huì)臨時(shí)取締法》建立對(duì)思想言論的控制。通過(guò)新建產(chǎn)業(yè)報(bào)國(guó)會(huì),大日本婦人會(huì)和利用原有的在鄉(xiāng)軍人會(huì)等將民眾組織起來(lái),加強(qiáng)對(duì)人身、行動(dòng)和思想的控制。由此建立了全方位的戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制。 日本的戰(zhàn)敗標(biāo)志著戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制的終結(jié)。戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制嚴(yán)重地打亂了日本社會(huì)秩序,給日本社會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重危害,其所服務(wù)的侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給亞洲人民帶來(lái)巨大傷害,同時(shí)使日本的近代化迅速倒退。日本戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制體制不僅是軍部法西斯化的結(jié)果,同時(shí)也是近代化矛盾的一次集中爆發(fā),這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)有助于我們更加全面地把握這一歷史問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The formation of Japan's wartime system of control had a profound social background. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan formulated a continental policy, but it was difficult for Japan to turn manpower into a dual system of state power and economic structure. The combination of material resources and financial resources to serve the foreign expansion policy made it an urgent need to establish a wartime system of control. After the first World War and before the September 18 incident, Japanese society was undergoing a period of transformation. The confusion of party politics, the economic crisis and the relative deterioration of the diplomatic environment have become a dark cloud in the minds of the Japanese who haunted this period, and Japanese society urgently needs to make changes. This led to the decline of liberalism, the rapid revival of conservatism, and the flourishing of the idea of national transformation. The Japanese military Command's "controlling faction" took advantage of the discontent of the people, guided by the idea of "general war", and combined with the reality of Japanese society. The wartime control system was gradually established. Japan's wartime control system experienced a quasi-wartime system of control, a national general mobilization system, The "war supremacy" and "national supremacy" in the general war have played a theoretical role in guiding Japan's establishment of a wartime system of control. In 100 million, the General Organization "then responded to the needs of the development of the overall war situation in the war," It was necessary to establish a system of command led by the military headquarters. So the military department dissolved the political parties and established the political wing and praises association, which included members of the cabinet of the Government and members of the regional tribal associations, and were elected through the wing of the political wing. With the gradual control of the Parliament, political control was established. At the same time, the economy was rapidly militarized through the enactment of decrees such as the Law on the Control of Major Industries, and the establishment of a "military and financial confluence" with the chaebol. Thus establishing a system of control over the economy. Through the promulgation of the Law on the temporary Prohibition of speech, publication, and Assembly, the establishment of control over thought and speech. Through the New Industry for the National Association, the Great Japanese Women's Association, and the use of the former commune soldiers' associations, the masses were organized. Strengthen the control of person, action and thought. Japan's defeat marked the end of the wartime system of control, which seriously disrupted Japanese social order and caused serious harm to Japanese society. The war of aggression it served caused great harm to the people of Asia. Japan's wartime control system is not only the result of the fascism of the military headquarters, but also a centralized outbreak of the contradiction of modernization. This understanding helps us to grasp this historical problem more comprehensively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K313

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