本文選題：戰(zhàn)后初期　切入點(diǎn)：美國(guó)軍方　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 軍事與外交是維護(hù)和增進(jìn)國(guó)家利益的主要手段，軍事機(jī)構(gòu)在決策中具有至關(guān)重要的作用。在戰(zhàn)后初期美國(guó)遠(yuǎn)東政策的制訂過(guò)程中，美國(guó)軍方提出了自己的主張，并對(duì)政策最終形成與演變產(chǎn)生了重要影響。 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，世界格局發(fā)生重大變化，美國(guó)政府開始考慮推行新的遠(yuǎn)東政策。軍方將中國(guó)視為“遠(yuǎn)東之錨”，主張更積極地援助蔣介石統(tǒng)一中國(guó)；隨著形勢(shì)的“惡化”，甚至提出卷入中國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的建議。軍方還力圖占有和保留在西太平洋的軍事基地，并保持美國(guó)在日本的“支配聲音”。 1947年初，美國(guó)在國(guó)共間調(diào)停的政策宣告失敗，美國(guó)政府開始重新審視遠(yuǎn)東政策。軍方把中國(guó)國(guó)民政府作為對(duì)付蘇聯(lián)和共產(chǎn)主義“擴(kuò)張”的“自由堡壘”，而將日本作為促進(jìn)亞洲復(fù)興的“生產(chǎn)工場(chǎng)”，因而主張積極扶蔣反共、促進(jìn)日本復(fù)興，同時(shí)從戰(zhàn)略角度出發(fā)建議撤退駐朝部隊(duì)。 1948年秋，國(guó)民黨軍隊(duì)在解放軍的決戰(zhàn)攻勢(shì)下節(jié)節(jié)敗退，中國(guó)局勢(shì)日益“惡化”，美國(guó)政府再次因討論改變對(duì)華政策而引發(fā)對(duì)整個(gè)遠(yuǎn)東政策的調(diào)整。軍方強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)從中國(guó)“脫身”，主張予以進(jìn)一步援助幫其拖延一段時(shí)間。但同時(shí)也考慮將遠(yuǎn)東政策的重心轉(zhuǎn)到日本，并且賦予臺(tái)灣以重要戰(zhàn)略意義，建議以經(jīng)濟(jì)和外交手段“守住”臺(tái)灣。 1949年秋，新中國(guó)成立，不久國(guó)民黨退守臺(tái)灣。在“丟失”中國(guó)的形勢(shì)下，美國(guó)又一次被推到遠(yuǎn)東政策的十字路口。軍方將日本視為美國(guó)遠(yuǎn)東戰(zhàn)略的支柱，開始重估臺(tái)灣的戰(zhàn)略重要性，同時(shí)注意到了東南亞在遏制“中蘇集團(tuán)”中的作用。 國(guó)務(wù)院等其他機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)軍方的主張并不完全贊同，但軍方的意見對(duì)政策的形成與演變?nèi)援a(chǎn)生了重要影響。軍方主要是從軍事角度提出建議的，由于軍事因素關(guān)乎國(guó)家安全，因而軍方的主張不容忽視，有時(shí)甚至起決定作用。但軍事考慮畢竟是片面的，往往需要服從政治考慮，而且還要總統(tǒng)定奪，所以軍方的影響也是有限的。
[Abstract]:Military and diplomacy is the main means to safeguard and promote the interests of the state, the military organization plays an important role in the decision making process. In the American foreign policy in the early postwar period, the U.S. military put forward their own ideas, and has a great influence on the evolution of policy formation.
After the Second World War, the world situation has undergone significant changes, the U.S. government began to consider the implementation of the new policy in the Far East. The military will Chinese as far east anchor, advocated a more active help Jiang Jieshi unified Chinese; as the situation worsened, and put forward suggestions. Chinese involved in the civil war the military also tries to retain possession and in the Western Pacific military base, and keep the United States in Japan's "dominant voice".
At the beginning of 1947, the United States in the mediation between the policy failed, the U.S. government began to re-examine the Far East policy. The national government military China as against the Soviet Union and the Communist "expansion" of the "bastion of freedom", which will promote the rejuvenation of Asia, Japan as the "production workshop", which advocated anti Chiang, promote the revival of Japan at the same time, from a strategic point of view in the DPRK proposed withdrawal forces.
The autumn of 1948, the Kuomintang army offensive decisive battle in the liberation army into retreat, Chinese situation increasingly worsened, the United States government again due to discuss China policy change caused by the Far East policy adjustment. The military strong opposition from the Chinese "get out", advocated further aid to help the delay for a period of time. But at the same time to consider the focus of the Far East policy to Japan, and Taiwan to give important strategic significance to economic and diplomatic means "hold" in Taiwan.
The autumn of 1949, the new China was established shortly after the KMT retreated to Taiwan. In the "lost" China situation, the United States once again pushed to the Far East policy at the crossroads. As a pillar of Japan's military will far east strategy of America, to the strategic importance of revaluation of Taiwan, while noting the "Sino Soviet group" in the containment of the role in South East Asia.
That the State Council and other institutions of the military does not agree, but the formation and evolution of the policy of military advice still had a significant impact. The main recommendations from the military point of view, because the military factors related to national security, and military claims can not be ignored, and sometimes even play a decisive role. But military considerations after all is one-sided, often need to obey the political considerations, but also to the president to decide, so the military influence is limited.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5

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