本文選題：美國　切入點：非洲之角　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1953年,美國艾森豪威爾政府與埃塞俄比亞正式建立盟友關(guān)系,這種關(guān)系在1960年代得到進一步鞏固和發(fā)展。然而,1960年代初蘇聯(lián)對“非洲之角”的插手和美國1960年代末自身實力的下降迫使尼克松政府在非洲之角采取了戰(zhàn)略“脫身”策略。與美國的收縮相比,蘇聯(lián)大大加強了在非洲之角的存在。1974年,蘇聯(lián)與索馬里確定了友好同盟關(guān)系。同年,美國的傳統(tǒng)盟國、索馬里的宿敵——埃塞俄比亞也發(fā)生了軍事政變,親美的海爾·塞拉西王朝被推翻。這兩個事件極大地改變了非洲之角的政治格局,并對美國的非洲之角政策造成極大沖擊。在埃塞俄比亞“九·一二政變”發(fā)生后,美國政府一方面不斷對軍政府進行接觸,了解其動向,另一方面通過提供援助來穩(wěn)住軍政府,進而維護美國在埃塞俄比業(yè)的巨大現(xiàn)實利益。但是,軍政府的反美激進行為,特別是與蘇聯(lián)的接觸迫使福特政府在提供援助方面顯得極為謹(jǐn)慎。然而,基于美國在埃塞俄比亞的重大軍事利益,福特政府“容忍”了埃塞俄比亞軍政府的行為,繼續(xù)審慎地向埃軍政府提供軍事援助。但是,美國政府在提供援助方面的謹(jǐn)慎和遲緩激怒了埃軍政府,并被視為對埃塞俄比業(yè)軍政府的敵視。1976年,埃塞俄比亞軍政府與蘇聯(lián)達成第一個軍事援助協(xié)議,從此逐漸滑向蘇聯(lián)陣營。面對軍政府嚴(yán)重的侵犯人權(quán)行為和親蘇態(tài)度,1977年新當(dāng)選的卡特總統(tǒng)立即終止了對埃援助,而軍政府也以廢除兩國《共同防御援助協(xié)定》作為報復(fù)。與此相對應(yīng),軍政府轉(zhuǎn)而與蘇聯(lián)締結(jié)了友好合作條約。然而,蘇聯(lián)與埃塞俄比亞的結(jié)盟促使索馬里斷然終結(jié)了與蘇聯(lián)的盟友關(guān)系,而美國則趁機與索馬里迅速接觸,從而填補了蘇聯(lián)撤出索馬里留下的政治真空。因此,從1974年開始的短短幾年間,美蘇在非洲之角就完成了戰(zhàn)略盟友關(guān)系的互換,而這種互換在相當(dāng)程度上影響了美蘇關(guān)系的發(fā)展,并改變了美國對蘇聯(lián)和“緩和”戰(zhàn)略的看法。隨著蘇聯(lián)在非洲的“大肆擴張”,美國在1970年代后期逐漸拋棄了“緩和”,對蘇聯(lián)轉(zhuǎn)而采取強硬態(tài)度。因此,美蘇在非洲之角的這次爭奪正是促使美國對蘇戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型的重要因素之一。
[Abstract]:In 1953, the Eisenhower administration of the United States formally established an alliance with Ethiopia. This relationship was further consolidated and developed in the 1960s. However, the Soviet intervention in the Horn of Africa in the early 1960s and the decline in the strength of the United States in the late 1960s forced the Nixon administration to adopt a strategy of "decoupling" from the Horn of Africa. The "body" strategy. Compared with the contraction in the United States, The Soviet Union greatly strengthened its presence in the Horn of Africa. In 1974, the Soviet Union established a friendly alliance with Somalia. In the same year, the United States' traditional ally, Somalia's old enemy, Ethiopia, also had a military coup. The overthrow of the pro-American Haier Selassie dynasty has greatly changed the political landscape of the Horn of Africa and has had a tremendous impact on the United States' policy towards the Horn of Africa. After Ethiopia's September 12 coup, On the one hand, the United States Government has been in constant contact with the military junta to understand its movement, on the other hand, by providing assistance to stabilize the military junta, thereby safeguarding the enormous and realistic interests of the United States in Ethiopia and Russia. However, the military junta's anti-American radical behavior, Contacts with the Soviet Union, in particular, forced the Ford government to be extremely cautious in providing aid. However, the Ford administration "tolerated" the conduct of the Ethiopian military junta on the basis of the significant military interests of the United States in Ethiopia. The continued prudent provision of military assistance to the Egyptian military junta. However, the caution and slowness of the United States Government in providing such assistance has angered the Egyptian military junta and was considered hostile to the Ethiopian military junta. 1976, The Ethiopian military junta reached the first military aid agreement with the Soviet Union, and gradually slid to the Soviet camp. In the face of the military junta's serious human rights violations and pro-Soviet attitude, on 1977, newly elected President Carter immediately terminated his aid to Egypt. And the junta retaliated by repealing the two countries' Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement. In contrast, the junta concluded a treaty of friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union. However, The alliance between the Soviet Union and Ethiopia prompted Somalia to end its alliance with the Soviet Union decisively, while the United States took the opportunity to quickly engage with Somalia, thus filling the political vacuum left by the Soviet Union's withdrawal from Somalia. In the few years since 1974, the United States and the Soviet Union have completed a strategic alliance swap in the Horn of Africa, which to a certain extent has affected the development of US-Soviet relations. And changed the United States' view of the Soviet Union and its "detente" strategy. With the Soviet Union's "wanton expansion" in Africa, the United States gradually abandoned "detente" in the late 1970s and adopted a tough attitude towards the Soviet Union. The US-Soviet battle in the Horn of Africa is one of the important factors that promote the strategic transition of the United States to the Soviet Union.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K153

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 齊秀麗;二戰(zhàn)后美國插手非洲之角事務(wù)的原因探析[J];洛陽師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2004年01期

2 鐘偉云;埃塞俄比亞的民族問題及民族政策[J];西亞非洲;1998年03期

3 杰弗里·里夫布維爾;冷戰(zhàn)時期及冷戰(zhàn)后的莫斯科對非洲政策[J];西亞非洲;1998年03期

，

本文編號：1562333