本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中世紀晚期 歐洲軍事 火藥革命 火藥武器　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 內(nèi)內(nèi)內(nèi)內(nèi)容容容提提要:從14世紀到16世紀,當(dāng)世界其他地區(qū)正處于緩慢發(fā)展的時候,歐洲軍事領(lǐng)域內(nèi)正發(fā)生著一系列的變革。火藥革命就是其中之一,它不僅使歐洲戰(zhàn)爭的面貌發(fā)生了急劇的變化,而且對歐洲社會產(chǎn)生了深遠影響�；鹚幐锩某霈F(xiàn)成為了促進歐洲封建制瓦解的標(biāo)志性事件,有力地促進了歐洲由封建社會向資本主義社會的過渡,加速了現(xiàn)代文明在歐洲的誕生。了解歐洲軍事領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的火藥革命,有利于探索近代歐洲崛起的奧秘。 全文由六部分組成。 緒論部分主要是對火藥革命的概況、火藥革命的爭論和火藥革命的研究狀況做出了說明�；鹚幐锩_始的時候發(fā)展緩慢,進入15世紀后在歐洲軍事領(lǐng)域內(nèi)轟轟烈烈地展開�；鹚幐锩烤故菤W洲軍事革命的一個階段還是軍事革命的起因,引起了許多研究中世紀軍事歷史的專家學(xué)者們的爭議。 第一章主要介紹闡述中國的火藥傳入歐洲后,歐洲人大體上如何制造和生產(chǎn)火藥�；鹚巶魅霘W洲大陸時,正是歐洲政治四分五裂、戰(zhàn)爭不斷的時期,在這種背景下,火藥由于其強大的威力,一開始就被應(yīng)用到歐洲的軍事領(lǐng)域。14世紀,歐洲火藥的價格非常昂貴,火藥武器的巨大威力也沒有得到充分發(fā)揮。 第二章主要以中世紀晚期歐洲火炮和火槍為研究對象,闡述了歐洲火藥武器的發(fā)展歷程。中世紀晚期火炮的發(fā)展分為三個階段:14世紀初到15世紀初的出現(xiàn)階段、15世紀初到15世紀末的發(fā)展階段、16世紀的改進階段。歐洲火槍的發(fā)展比火炮要稍晚,15世紀之后,各種類型的火槍不斷出現(xiàn),從簡單到復(fù)雜,從落后到先進。這一章還簡要論述了火藥武器在歐洲獲得迅速發(fā)展的原因。, 第三章在考察火藥革命在歐洲軍事領(lǐng)域內(nèi)帶來的變革基礎(chǔ)上,對火藥武器給城堡建筑的改造、中世紀晚期歐洲海上戰(zhàn)爭、歐洲軍事領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的醫(yī)療帶來的影響都做出了闡述。歐洲的軍事變革以火藥武器為基礎(chǔ),開轟轟烈烈地展開。大約在16世紀末17世紀初,歐洲的軍事技術(shù)優(yōu)勢越來越明顯。 第四章主要闡述火藥革命對歐洲社會產(chǎn)生的重要影響。通過火藥武器對歐洲政治和經(jīng)濟上帶來的影響,指出火藥革命給歐洲社會帶來的巨大變化。 歐洲軍事領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的火藥革命,一方面是歐洲政治制度與中國的火藥技術(shù)相結(jié)合的重要產(chǎn)物。另一方面,它又是歐洲人思想意識與科學(xué)技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物�；鹚幐锩粌H給歐洲的軍事帶來了重要變化,還對歐洲社會產(chǎn)生了重要影響。近代之后,歐洲迅速走上對外擴張的道路,這與火藥革命帶來的重要影響是密不可分的。
[Abstract]:From 14th century to 16th century, while the rest of the world was slowly developing, a series of changes were taking place in the European military field. Gunpowder revolution was one of them. It not only made a dramatic change in the face of the European war, but also had a profound impact on European society. The emergence of the gunpowder revolution became a landmark event that contributed to the collapse of European feudalism. It has promoted the transition from feudal society to capitalist society and accelerated the birth of modern civilization in Europe. Understanding the gunpowder revolution in the military field of Europe is beneficial to the exploration of the mystery of the rise of modern Europe. The full text consists of six parts. The introduction mainly explains the general situation of the gunpowder revolution, the debate about the gunpowder revolution and the research status of the gunpowder revolution. The gunpowder revolution developed slowly at the beginning of the gunpowder revolution. In 15th century, the gunpowder revolution was launched in the military field of Europe. Whether the gunpowder revolution is a stage of the European military revolution or the cause of the military revolution has aroused controversy among many experts and scholars studying the military history of the Middle Ages. The first chapter mainly introduces how the Europeans made and produced gunpowder after China's gunpowder was introduced into Europe. When gunpowder was introduced into the continent, it was a period when European politics was torn apart and wars continued. Gunpowder was applied to the European military field from the beginning because of its powerful power. The price of gunpowder in Europe was very expensive, and the great power of gunpowder weapons was not fully utilized. The second chapter focuses on the European artillery and musketeers in the late Middle Ages. The development of gunpowder weapons in Europe is described. The development of artillery in the late Middle Ages can be divided into three stages: the emerging stage from the beginning of the 14th century to the beginning of 15th century, and the stage of development from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of 15th century, and the stage of improvement of the 16th century in Europe. Musketeers developed a little later than artillery after the 15th century. Various types of muskets are emerging, from simple to complex, from backward to advanced. This chapter also briefly discusses the reasons for the rapid development of gunpowder weapons in Europe. The third chapter, based on the investigation of the revolution brought by the gunpowder revolution in the military field of Europe, the transformation of gunpowder weapons into the castle building, the European Maritime War in the late Middle Ages, The military revolution in Europe was based on gunpowder weapons and spread out vigorously. About the end of 16th century and the beginning of 17th century, the superiority of military technology in Europe became more and more obvious. Chapter 4th mainly expounds the important influence of gunpowder revolution on European society and points out the great changes brought by gunpowder revolution to European society through the influence of gunpowder weapons on European politics and economy. The gunpowder revolution in the European military field, on the one hand, is an important product of the combination of the European political system and China's gunpowder technology. On the other hand, It was also the product of the combination of European ideology and science and technology. The gunpowder revolution not only brought important changes to Europe's military, but also had an important impact on European society. After modern times, Europe quickly embarked on the path of external expansion. This was inextricably linked to the important impact of the gunpowder revolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K5;E19

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