本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國(guó) 捷克斯洛伐克 經(jīng)濟(jì)援助 二月事件　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 1945-1948年美國(guó)對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克的政策是冷戰(zhàn)早期美國(guó)對(duì)東歐政策的一個(gè)縮影。這一時(shí)期美國(guó)對(duì)捷政策體現(xiàn)了它的全球擴(kuò)張戰(zhàn)略,美國(guó)在1945-1948年期間對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克的遏制政策就是為這一戰(zhàn)略服務(wù)的。 1945-1948年美國(guó)對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克的政策有一個(gè)形成過(guò)程,一方面是從國(guó)際形勢(shì)出發(fā),另一方面也是對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政策的反應(yīng),主要可分為三個(gè)階段: 第一階段,美國(guó)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)解放捷克斯洛伐克基本是默認(rèn)的,但并不放棄對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克的爭(zhēng)奪。面臨解放捷克斯洛伐克問(wèn)題時(shí),鑒于美蘇戰(zhàn)時(shí)同盟關(guān)系和美蘇勢(shì)力范圍的劃分,美國(guó)默認(rèn)蘇聯(lián)紅軍解放捷克斯洛伐克,但美國(guó)并沒(méi)有放棄對(duì)這一地區(qū)的爭(zhēng)奪:二戰(zhàn)后,美國(guó)要求美蘇兩國(guó)同時(shí)撤軍;美國(guó)在1945-1947年以經(jīng)濟(jì)援助為手段影響捷克斯洛伐克政治發(fā)展,試圖使捷脫離蘇聯(lián)東歐集團(tuán)。 第二階段,美國(guó)加強(qiáng)了對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克的攻勢(shì),加緊對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)遏制。1947年美國(guó)推出馬歇爾計(jì)劃,美國(guó)深知蘇聯(lián)不可能按美國(guó)的條件接受馬歇爾計(jì)劃,但仍把捷克斯洛伐克等東歐國(guó)家包括在內(nèi),旨在以此為來(lái)離間和瓦解蘇聯(lián)與捷克斯洛伐克的關(guān)系。捷拒絕馬歇爾計(jì)劃后,美國(guó)推遲給予捷克斯洛伐克的貸款,減少了對(duì)其貿(mào)易額。 第三階段,1948年捷克斯洛伐克“二月事件”之后,蘇聯(lián)加強(qiáng)了對(duì)捷的控制。這一時(shí)期,美國(guó)通過(guò)“非軍事行動(dòng)”來(lái)消除或削弱蘇聯(lián)在捷的影響。美國(guó)對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克實(shí)施“隱蔽行動(dòng)”,即通過(guò)隱蔽的政治戰(zhàn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)、心理戰(zhàn)以及秘密行動(dòng)和敵對(duì)宣傳,以此來(lái)削弱蘇聯(lián)在捷克斯洛伐克的統(tǒng)治。 總的來(lái)說(shuō),1945-1948年美國(guó)對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克的政策在美蘇政策互動(dòng)之下逐漸形成了對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克的遏制政策。
[Abstract]:The U.S. policy toward Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 was a microcosm of American policy towards Eastern Europe in the early Cold War. American containment policy toward Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 served this strategy. The policy of the United States towards Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 had a forming process. On the one hand, it was based on the international situation, on the other hand, it was the reaction to the Soviet policy, which could be divided into three stages:. In the first stage, the United States basically acquiesced in the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union, but did not give up its competition for Czechoslovakia. In the face of the issue of the liberation of Czechoslovakia, in view of the US-Soviet wartime alliance and the division of the US-Soviet sphere of influence, The United States acquiesced in the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army, but the United States did not give up its struggle for this region: after World War II, the United States demanded that the United States and the Soviet Union withdraw their troops at the same time; in 1945-1947, the United States used economic aid as a means to influence Czechoslovakia's political development. Tried to break away from the Soviet and Eastern European bloc. In the second stage, the United States stepped up its offensive against Czechoslovakia and stepped up its economic containment against Czechoslovakia. In 1947, when the United States launched the Marshall Plan, the United States knew that the Soviet Union could not accept the Marshall Plan on American terms. But eastern European countries, such as Czechoslovakia, are still included as a way to break up relations between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. After the Czech Republic rejected the Marshall Plan, the United States postponed loans to Czechoslovakia. The volume of trade with it has been reduced. In the third stage, after the "February incident" in Czechoslovakia in 1948, the Soviet Union strengthened its control over Czech Republic. The United States uses "non-military action" to eliminate or weaken Soviet influence in Czechoslovakia. The United States carries out "covert operations" against Czechoslovakia, that is, through covert political, economic, psychological and covert operations and hostile propaganda. To weaken Soviet rule in Czechoslovakia. In general, the American policy toward Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 gradually formed a containment policy against Czechoslovakia under the interaction of US and Soviet policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K712

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周清泉;論約翰遜政府對(duì)“布拉格之春”的政策[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：1520678