本文關(guān)鍵詞： 西撒哈拉 沙地之戰(zhàn) 西撒哈拉獨(dú)立陣線與綠色進(jìn)軍　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 引言 1912年到1956年,摩洛哥受法國與西班牙當(dāng)局的統(tǒng)治(受保護(hù)國),但直到1975年摩洛哥“綠色進(jìn)軍”(Green March)之后,西撒哈拉地區(qū)才脫離西班牙的殖民統(tǒng)治,在摩洛哥、毛里塔尼亞與西班牙簽訂馬德里條約(Madrid Agreement)之后西班牙軍隊(duì)撤離。西班牙勢力撤出之后,由于鄰國之間的“沙地之戰(zhàn)”(Sand War)(1963年在阿爾及利亞與摩洛哥之間爆發(fā)),本地區(qū)開始變得不穩(wěn)定。 目前沖突基本上發(fā)生在摩洛哥與西撒哈拉獨(dú)立陣線(Polisario)之間。聯(lián)合國以組織全民投票的解決方式介入但是沒有收到成效,因?yàn)橥镀北魂幹\破壞了;這是毀掉地區(qū)和平進(jìn)程的主要原因。之后,摩洛哥政府在2007年提出新的自治建議。盡管得到國際社會相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾?但仍被西撒哈拉獨(dú)立陣線所拒絕。 西撒哈拉沖突于1976年爆發(fā),至今所有結(jié)束爭端的和平嘗試都失敗了,因此我們腦海中浮現(xiàn)出的問題就是:為什么問題仍舊沒有得到解決? 帝國主義擴(kuò)張下撒哈拉地區(qū)摩洛哥化的歷史背景 中世紀(jì)以來,西撒哈拉與摩洛哥處于同一種政治制度與民族的統(tǒng)治下。他們來自于同種同文化的民族(阿馬齊格人),在伊斯蘭教的征服下被同化為阿拉伯人。 這一章準(zhǔn)備著重?cái)⑹瞿且粫r(shí)期的歷史,這也是摩洛哥在這一地區(qū)的歷史權(quán)益以及在外交談判中所有論據(jù)所主張的基礎(chǔ)。 我們將這一章分成三個(gè)部分。第一部分是伊斯蘭征服時(shí)期的具體細(xì)節(jié),第二部分我們討論西撒哈拉與摩洛哥的歷史聯(lián)系,最后一部分集中于帝國主義者殖民摩洛哥沿大西洋海岸南部地區(qū)的野心,這是帝國主義勢力對這一地區(qū)感興趣的主要背后動機(jī)。因此,所有的摩洛哥國王都頑強(qiáng)不屈地保衛(wèi)摩洛哥南部的主權(quán)。 西撒哈拉沖突的起源(殖民勢力撤出之后) 當(dāng)我們討論任何沖突的根源時(shí)我們都不得不回顧推動事態(tài)發(fā)展到一定程度的歷史事件。 西撒哈拉沖突出現(xiàn)于法國與西班牙軍隊(duì)撤出摩洛哥領(lǐng)土之后,確切地說是在西班牙從摩洛哥北部地區(qū)撤離時(shí)。因此,本章第一部分包括西撒哈拉地區(qū)抵抗西班牙軍隊(duì)的解放戰(zhàn)爭的延續(xù)。 前一章指出了摩洛哥古代領(lǐng)土包括西撒哈拉、摩洛哥、毛里塔尼亞與阿爾及利亞西部,當(dāng)?shù)蹏髁x者撤出時(shí),這一地區(qū)的國家(摩洛哥、阿爾及利亞與毛里塔尼亞)間劃分邊界失敗——或不情愿——是沖突爆發(fā)的原因,這是我們將在第二部分討論的內(nèi)容。 第三部分準(zhǔn)備找出沖突發(fā)生的導(dǎo)火索以及西撒哈拉獨(dú)立陣線如何在他們的祖國對抗摩洛哥政府成為薩拉威人權(quán)利的倡導(dǎo)者與要求者,尤其是,我們將從不同角度探討國際社會對這一事件的反應(yīng),馬格里布(Maghreb)地區(qū)國家、非洲阿拉伯國家以及美國與歐洲國家的立場。 阿爾及利亞介入西撒哈拉問題 這一爭論游走于阿爾及利亞在西撒哈拉問題上介入與中立態(tài)度二者之間,在這一點(diǎn)上必須強(qiáng)調(diào)阿爾及利亞在這一問題上介入的兩大方面:第一個(gè)是事件的現(xiàn)實(shí),第二個(gè)是法律上的,這與阿爾及利亞針對這場自1975年爆發(fā)以來仍未平息的沖突進(jìn)行的外交活動有關(guān)系。這一章我們試圖在通觀不同的國際關(guān)系理論后解釋阿爾及利亞為何采取這一立場,以及導(dǎo)致問題發(fā)生乃至惡化的國際政治因素。 因此,我們把這一章分為三個(gè)部分,第一部分描述阿爾及利亞與廷杜夫(Tindouf)地區(qū)薩拉威(Sahrawis)難民的關(guān)系,第二部分批判阿爾及利亞的立場妨礙了摩洛哥試圖平息沖突的種種努力,第三部分集中討論在這一問題上剝離阿爾及利亞因素的可能性。 這一章我們基于自由主義的觀點(diǎn)并在某種程度上借助建構(gòu)主義的觀點(diǎn)提出一些建議,因?yàn)樗械南嚓P(guān)方都具有同樣的種族與宗教背景,并懷著使這一地區(qū)得以重新穩(wěn)定的愿望。 摩洛哥平息沖突的外交策略 自從1956年獨(dú)立,摩洛哥嘗試過不同的收回撒哈拉的方式,撒哈拉問題是所有摩洛哥政府的主要國內(nèi)議題,也驅(qū)動著摩洛哥的對外政策。 因此,本章擬重點(diǎn)論述因事態(tài)變化摩洛哥將這一問題提交國際法庭以求取得國際合法性的外交策略,但是法庭決議對摩洛哥要求部分并不完全具有積極意義,因?yàn)榉ㄍバ既龉c摩洛哥之間關(guān)系應(yīng)取決于薩拉威人民的民族自決。第二部分集中論述綠色進(jìn)軍在1975年對這一問題的第一次嚴(yán)正要求。第三部分探討聯(lián)合國仲裁,包括撒哈拉公民投票,我們試圖揭示和平進(jìn)程與公民投票失敗的原因。在這一部分的最后集中討論摩洛哥的自治提議的實(shí)際意義,如果所有相關(guān)各方都能夠從中獲取利益就能夠終止沖突,為了給本地區(qū)帶來穩(wěn)定,啟動因該沖突而遭凍結(jié)的阿拉伯馬格里布聯(lián)盟(Arab Maghreb Union)這一偉大構(gòu)想。 結(jié)論 摩洛哥關(guān)于自治的新觀念能夠平息沖突,因?yàn)檫@一觀念在解決國際上其它地區(qū)類似沖突的過程中是一個(gè)有效的解決方法。但是就摩洛哥而言,這一建議應(yīng)該在同阿爾及利亞關(guān)系正�；�,與西撒哈拉獨(dú)立陣線的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人基于共同利益——尤其是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的——在雙邊談判中解決問題。
[Abstract]:Introduction
From 1912 to 1956, Morocco, France and Spain by the authorities (protectorate), but it was not until the 1975 Morocco "green March" (Green March), Western Sahara was from Spain's colonial rule in Morocco, Mauritania, and Spain signed the Treaty of Madrid (Madrid Agreement) after the Spanish army evacuated. After the Spanish forces due to withdrawal, between the neighboring "sand war" (Sand (War) broke out in 1963 between Algeria and Morocco), the region began to become unstable.
The current conflict basically occurred in Morocco and the Polisario (Polisario). The United Nations to organize a referendum to solve the intervention but did not receive the effectiveness, because the vote is sabotage; this is the main reason to destroy the regional peace process. After that, the government of Morocco autonomous new proposals in 2007. Although the international social considerable attention, but still be the Polisario refuses.
The conflict in Western Sahara broke out in 1976. So far, all the peaceful attempts to end the dispute have failed. So the problem in our minds is: why is the problem still unsolved?
The historical background of Morocco in the Sahara region under the expansionism of imperialism
Since the middle ages, Western Sahara and Morocco have been under the same political system and national rule. They came from the same cultural nation (AMA Qi Geren) and were assimilated into Arabs under the conquest of Islam.
This chapter is going to focus on the history of that period. This is also the historical interest of Morocco in this area and the basis for all the arguments in diplomatic negotiations.
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is the details of Islamic conquest, the second part we discuss the historical ties of Western Sahara and Morocco. The last part focuses on the imperialist colonial Morocco along the southern coast of the the Atlantic area of ambition, which is the main motivation behind the imperialist forces interested in this the king of Morocco. Therefore, all of the indomitable to defend southern Morocco's sovereignty.
The origin of the conflict in the Western Sahara (after the withdrawal of the colonial forces)
When we discuss the root of any conflict, we have to look back on the development of events to a certain degree of historical events.
The conflict in West Sahara appeared after the withdrawal of Spanish troops from Morocco territory, rather in Spain from the northern part of Morocco. Therefore, the first part of this chapter includes the continuation of the Spanish Sahara war against the Spanish army.
The last chapter points out the Morocco ancient territory including Western Sahara, Morocco, Mauritania and Algeria in the west, when the imperialists withdraw, countries in the region (Morocco, Algeria and Mauritania) between the partition boundary -- or not -- is to defeat the causes of conflicts, which is in the second part we will discuss the content.
The third part to find the conflict and fuse of Polisario to fight the Morocco government in their country become advocates and requirements of the Sahrawi people rights, in particular, we will explore the international reaction to the events from different angles, the Maghreb (Maghreb) countries in the region of Arabia, Africa and the United States and European countries the position.
Algeria's involvement in the question of Western Sahara
The debate between walk in Algeria in the Western Sahara on the issue of intervention and neutral two, at this point must be emphasized two aspects of Algeria on the issue of intervention: the first is the event of reality, the second is the law, which has a relationship with Algeria in this field since the outbreak in 1975 not quell conflicts are diplomatic activities. In this chapter, we try to view different theories of international relations after explained why Algeria took this position, and the cause of international political problems and factors of deterioration.
Therefore, we put this chapter is divided into three parts, the first part describes Algeria and Tinduff (Tindouf) area (Sahrawis) of the refugee Sahrawis, the second part critique of the position of Algeria hinder the efforts of Morocco trying to quell the conflict. The third part focuses on the possibility of stripping on the issue of Algeria factors.
In this chapter, we put forward some suggestions based on liberalism and to some extent with constructivist view, because all the related parties have the same race and religious background, and have the desire to make the area stable again.
Morocco's diplomatic strategy to quell the conflict
Since independence in 1956, Morocco has tried different ways to get rid of Sahara. Sahara is the main domestic issue of all Morocco governments, and it also drives Morocco's foreign policy.
Therefore, this chapter focuses on developments in Morocco because of this issue will be submitted to the International Court in order to obtain the international legitimacy of foreign policy, but the court decision on the Morocco requirements are not completely positive, because the court announced the Sahara and Morocco relations should depend on people's Sahrawi national self-determination. The second part focuses on the green march in 1975 on the issue of the first time demands. The third part discusses the United Nations arbitration, including the referendum, we try to reveal the peace process and the reasons for the failure of the referendum. In the practical significance of the last part of the focus on the autonomy of Morocco's proposal, if all parties can benefit from it to the end of the conflict, in order to give the region to bring stability, start being due to the conflict of frozen Arabia Maghreb Union (Arab Maghreb Union) this great idea.
conclusion
New ideas about autonomy of Morocco to quell the conflict, because this idea in the process of solving other similar conflicts in the area of international is an effective solution. But as far as Morocco is concerned, this proposal should be in after the normalization of relations with Algeria, and the Polisario leaders based on common interests -- especially in the economy the - in bilateral negotiations to solve the problem.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K153

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李楠;摩洛哥歷史研究[D];上海外國語大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉穎;淺析聯(lián)合國對西撒哈拉問題的參與[D];西北大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1518508