本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冷戰(zhàn) 美國 韓國 援助　出處：《廣西師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)后,朝鮮半島光復,美蘇之間的矛盾上升為世界的主要矛盾。美國企圖憑借自己的超強實力建立在遠東地區(qū)的獨霸地位,蘇聯(lián)則企圖獲得朝鮮半島的釜山、仁川等不凍港作為蘇聯(lián)太平洋艦隊的基地。中國國民黨政府敗逃到臺灣,使得美國的鷹派分子認為是杜魯門政府在東北亞實施的“孤立主義”政策導致了南京國民黨政府的失敗。因此,在朝鮮半島,美國采取了積極干預的政策。本文將李承晚時期的美國對韓援助分為以下四個階段： 1945年8月15日朝鮮半島光復至1948年9月13日美國軍政府向韓國政府轉(zhuǎn)交政權(quán)為第一階段。這一時期韓國處于美國軍政府統(tǒng)治時期,由于美國的“杜魯門主義“與蘇聯(lián)的“安全帶戰(zhàn)略”產(chǎn)生了尖銳的矛盾,導致美蘇在朝鮮半島的合作破裂。美國在朝鮮半島不再奉行四大國合作的政策,轉(zhuǎn)而支持李承晚在南朝鮮單獨建立政權(quán)。這一時期的美國援助以救濟援助為主,防衛(wèi)援助為輔。所有美國援助均納入到“戰(zhàn)后占領(lǐng)地區(qū)行政救濟援助”(GARIOA)中,實施援助的執(zhí)行單位為美國陸軍部。"GARIOA"援助使得南朝鮮社會趨于穩(wěn)定,擺脫了混亂的局勢。 1948年9月13日至1950年6月25日朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)為第二階段,這一階段由于韓國政府已經(jīng)成立,“戰(zhàn)后占領(lǐng)地區(qū)行政救濟援助”(GARIOA)也相應(yīng)的終止。這一時期的美國對韓援助以經(jīng)濟援助為主,軍事援助為輔。實施援助的主體為美國經(jīng)濟合作署(ECA)。通過這一階段的美國對韓援助,韓國建立了一支防御型軍隊,經(jīng)濟較二戰(zhàn)前得到恢復并有了一定地發(fā)展。 1950年6月25日至1953年7月27日朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束為李承晚時期美國對韓援助的第三階段。這一階段的美國對韓援助以防衛(wèi)援助為主,經(jīng)濟援助具有軍事目的,直接服務(wù)于朝鮮戰(zhàn)場的需要。實施援助的主體為聯(lián)合國軍司令部。通過這一時期的美國對韓防衛(wèi)援助,韓國恢復了朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前的國土,避免了被朝鮮統(tǒng)一的命運。 1953年7月27日至1960年5月3日李承晚辭去總統(tǒng)職務(wù)為第四階段。這一階段的美國對韓援助以恢復韓國被戰(zhàn)爭破壞的經(jīng)濟為主要目標。實施援助的主體為美國援外事務(wù)管理署(FOA)和美國國際合作署(ICA)。通過這一階段的美國對韓援助,韓國擴充了軍隊規(guī)模,被動地建立了以輕工業(yè)為中心的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)體系；通過對韓援助這一工具,美國政府有力地牽制了李承晚自由黨政府的“北進統(tǒng)一”政策,避免了第二次朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā),并為以后的樸正熙政府實現(xiàn)韓國現(xiàn)代化打下了一定的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the recovery of the Korean Peninsula, the contradiction between America and the Soviet Union to rise as the main contradictions in the world. The United States attempted to establish his super strength in the Far East hegemony, Russia's attempt to obtain the Korean peninsula of Busan, Inchon port as the Soviet Pacific Fleet base. Chinese Kuomintang government fled to Taiwan, the Hawks the United States is that the Truman administration in Northeast Asia "isolationism" policy has led to the failure of the Nanjing Kuomintang government. Therefore, on the Korean Peninsula, the United States take the active intervention policy. The Li Chengwan period of the United States to aid Korea divided into the following four stages:
Recovery of the Korean Peninsula in August 15, 1945 to September 13, 1948 in the U.S. government to transfer power to the South Korean government for the first stage. During this period, South Korea is a United States military government during the reign of the "Truman doctrine" because the United States and the Soviet Union's "safety belt" strategy produces a sharp contradiction, leading to the Soviet Union and the United States on the Korean Peninsula. The collapse of cooperation in North Korea a peninsula is no longer the big four cooperation policy to support the individual Rhee regime set up in South Korea. During this period, U.S. assistance to relief aid, defense assistance as a supplement. All U.S. aid into the post-war occupation area of administrative relief assistance "(GARIOA), aid implementation unit for the United States Army the" GARIOA ". The South Korean aid society tends to be stable, get rid of the chaotic situation.
From September 13, 1948 to June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out in second stage, this stage due to the South Korean government has established "the post-war occupation area of administrative relief assistance" (GARIOA) also terminated. During this period of the U. S. aid to economic assistance, military assistance as a supplement. Main aid for the United States Economic Cooperation Agency (ECA). Through this phase of American assistance to ROK, South Korea established a defensive army, economically recovered before World War II and had certain development.
From June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953 the end of the Korean War Rhee period of American aid for North Korea's third stage. In this stage of the aid was to defend the main economic aid has military purposes, direct service for the war. The main aid to the United Nations command. By this time the United States on the Korean Defense Assistance, South Korea resumed before the outbreak of the Korean War of the land, to avoid being the reunification of Korea's fate.
From July 27, 1953 to May 3, 1960, Rhee resigned as president for the fourth stage. In this stage of the U. S. aid to restore South Korea destroyed by war as the main target. The main economic aid for the United States foreign operations administration (FOA) and the U.S. Agency for International Cooperation (ICA). Through this phase of American assistance to ROK South Korea, expand the size of the army, passively established a modern industrial system with light industry as the center; through this tool to help Korean aid, the U.S. government strongly restrained the Li Chengwan liberal government's "unified North" policy, to avoid the second outbreak of the Korean War, and for the future implementation of the Pu Zhengxi administration in South Korea modernization has laid a certain foundation.

【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K312;K712

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 董向榮;戰(zhàn)后美國對韓援助的政策演變及其政治影響:1945～1961[J];當代韓國;2003年04期

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本文編號：1517002