本文關(guān)鍵詞： 托勒密二世 對外關(guān)系 埃及 馬其頓 塞琉古　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：托勒密二世統(tǒng)治時期既是托勒密王國創(chuàng)建的初期階段，又是希臘化世界統(tǒng)一帝國瓦解、諸強(qiáng)并立格局形成的重要階段。本文通過研究托勒密二世領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的埃及與希臘化世界中不同國家和地區(qū)之間的關(guān)系，探討了托勒密二世的對外策略和埃及與各類國家及地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化等方面的關(guān)系，以及這些對外活動與埃及國內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化等領(lǐng)域的聯(lián)系。 第一章首先介紹了亞歷山大帝國的形成與解體過程，以及希臘化時代初期的政治格局。說明雖然在繼承者戰(zhàn)爭中主要各方都試圖擁有整個亞歷山大帝國，但是事實(shí)上任何一種政治力量都無法穩(wěn)固地控制地域如此廣闊的國家，結(jié)果初步形成了幾個主要希臘化王國共存并且爭奪希臘化世界主導(dǎo)權(quán)的局面。其次分析了托勒密王朝初期在埃及的專制統(tǒng)治，說明托勒密王朝的對外活動是在專制君主決策下，以埃及的綜合國力為基礎(chǔ)，以滿足托勒密王國的經(jīng)濟(jì)需求和安全需要以及擴(kuò)大政治影響力為目的行動。 第二章探討了托勒密二世與希臘和馬其頓以及愛琴海地區(qū)主要政治力量的關(guān)系。為了維護(hù)托勒密王國在東地中海地區(qū)的勢力范圍，托勒密二世積極拉攏各方勢力牽制和打擊敵對國家。首先，托勒密二世支持希臘城邦的反馬其頓斗爭，利用海軍控制了愛琴海上的島嶼。其次，托勒密二世利用伊庇魯斯王國維持希臘化世界的力量均勢。再次，托勒密二世為了維護(hù)托勒密王國在希臘和愛琴海地區(qū)的優(yōu)勢地位，與統(tǒng)治馬其頓王國的安提柯二世進(jìn)行了長期斗爭。 第三章探討了托勒密二世與敘利亞和小亞細(xì)亞地區(qū)的國家以及與塞琉古王國之間的關(guān)系。對于敘利亞地區(qū)，，托勒密二世進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密的政治控制和經(jīng)濟(jì)控制。對于小亞細(xì)亞的中小國家，托勒密二世通過控制沿海地區(qū)和運(yùn)用制海權(quán)來對當(dāng)?shù)貒倚纬芍萍s。另一方面托勒密二世比較尊重當(dāng)?shù)貒也⑶易⒁鉂M足其利益需求，因此即便對當(dāng)?shù)貒沂タ刂屏σ院蟊舜酥g也可以保持較為友好的關(guān)系。托勒密王國與塞琉古王國在多個方面存在利益沖突。托勒密二世通過第一次敘利亞戰(zhàn)爭維持了對敘利亞和小亞細(xì)亞沿海地區(qū)的控制，在第二次敘利亞戰(zhàn)爭中面對不利局面，托勒密二世能夠及時與安條克二世媾和并且利用聯(lián)姻打破了馬其頓王國與塞琉古王國的同盟，為托勒密三世的成功反擊奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。 第四章集中討論了在托勒密二世的決策下，托勒密王國在努比亞地區(qū)和紅海沿岸地區(qū)展開擴(kuò)張行動。托勒密二世通過組織探險考察活動和發(fā)動征服戰(zhàn)爭擊敗了南方的庫什王國等國家和部落，控制了努比亞地區(qū)。對南方的擴(kuò)張首先確保了埃及南部邊境的安全并且獲得了努比亞地區(qū)的礦產(chǎn)資源；其次為托勒密王國獲得大象等動物資源提供了保障，這在一定程度上滿足了建立戰(zhàn)象部隊的需要；再次利用在紅海沿岸地區(qū)建立的基地，開辟了紅海交通線，這樣做既有助于進(jìn)一步探索東非地區(qū)又提高了托勒密王國在東西方貿(mào)易中的地位。 托勒密二世時代的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交往活動表明希臘化世界已經(jīng)成為一個有機(jī)的整體，而一系列有限度的戰(zhàn)爭沖突反映出希臘化世界三強(qiáng)鼎立的格局已經(jīng)形成。充滿政治智慧的托勒密二世順應(yīng)這種趨勢，運(yùn)用政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和宗教等多種手段擴(kuò)大了托勒密王朝的影響力，促進(jìn)了東西方的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流，鞏固了托勒密國王自身的統(tǒng)治。
[Abstract]:The early stage is to create the kingdom of Ptolemy during the reign of Ptolemy S, and the Hellenistic world unified empire collapsed, the formation of an important stage of the strong independent pattern. In this paper, the relationship between different countries and regions of Egypt and the Hellenistic world of Ptolemy S under the leadership of the foreign policy of Ptolemy II of Egypt and with various countries and regions the relationship between political, economic and cultural aspects, and these activities with the Egyptian domestic political, economic and cultural fields.
The first chapter introduces the formation and disintegration of the Alexander Empire, and early Hellenistic politics. Although in the war the main successor parties are trying to have the Alexander Empire, but any kind of political power in fact can firmly control the country region so broad, the initial formation of several major Greek the kingdom of the Hellenistic world coexist and compete for dominance situation. Followed by analysis of the Ptolemy Dynasty in the early period of authoritarian rule in Egypt, Ptolemy Dynasty activities in despotic monarch decision-making, to Egypt's comprehensive national strength as the foundation, to meet the needs of the economy and security needs of the kingdom of Ptolemy and the expansion of political power for the purpose of action.
The second chapter discusses the relationship between the main political forces of Ptolemy S and Greece and Macedonia and the Aegean Sea area. In order to maintain the Ptolemy kingdom in the eastern Mediterranean region's sphere of influence, Ptolemy II actively courting all forces and combat contain hostile countries. First of all, Ptolemy II to support Greece anti Macedonian struggle, the Navy took control of the Aegean islands. Secondly Ptolemy II of Epirus, by maintaining the balance of power in the Hellenistic world. Once again, Ptolemy II in order to maintain the kingdom of Ptolemy in Greece and Aegean Sea area dominant position, and the rule of the kingdom of Macedonia Antigonus II fought a long battle.
The third chapter discusses the relationship between Ptolemy S and Syria and Asia Minor region of the country and the Seleucid kingdom. For Syria, Ptolemy II of political control and economic control strictly. For small and medium-sized countries in Asia Minor, Ptolemy S through the control of the coastal areas and the use of the sea to the formation of local state constraints. On the other hand Ptolemy II comparison respect the local and national attention to meet the needs and interests, so even after the local countries lose control between each other can also maintain relatively friendly relations. The kingdom of Ptolemy and the Seleucid kingdom there is a conflict of interest in many aspects. Ptolemy S maintained control of Syria and the coast of Asia Minor by the first Syria war, in the face of unfavorable situation in the second Syria war, Ptolemy S timely and Antiochus II and the marriage broke the peace of Macedon and the Seleucid Kingdom Alliance, laid a good foundation for the success of Ptolemy Sans's counterattack.
The fourth chapter discusses the decision of Ptolemy II, Ptolemy Kingdom expanded operations in Nubia region and the Red Sea coast area. The Ptolemy S expedition through the organization of activities and make war defeated the southern kingdom of Kush and other countries and regions. The Nubian tribe, control of the southern expansion of the first to ensure the safety of the border in southern Egypt and the Nubian area of mineral resources; secondly, provide a guarantee for the kingdom of Ptolemy for elephants and other animal resources, which meets the need of establishing elephants forces to a certain extent; again based on the Red Sea area of the base, opened the red sea traffic line, do not help to further explore and improve in East Africa the status of the kingdom of Ptolemy in the East West trade.
The Ptolemy S era a variety of economic and cultural exchanges activities show that the Hellenistic world has become an organic whole, and a series of limited war reflects the world three pattern of Greece has been formed. Full of political wisdom Ptolemy S conform to this trend, the use of political, military, economic, cultural and religious and other means to expand the influence of the Ptolemy Dynasty, promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the west, to consolidate its rule of King Ptolemy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K411

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