本文關(guān)鍵詞：近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪和政府對(duì)策初探　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】： 近代早期,即16—18世紀(jì)中葉,是英國(guó)工業(yè)革命前的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期。在這個(gè)時(shí)期,英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)生了巨大變革,社會(huì)犯罪也成為嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。國(guó)外學(xué)者對(duì)該時(shí)期的社會(huì)犯罪狀況進(jìn)行了一定程度上的探討,但對(duì)近代早期英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)犯罪的影響重視不夠,并且對(duì)犯罪類型的完整性分析和近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪的一些典型犯罪大多語焉不詳,對(duì)近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪的政府對(duì)策也沒有進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性總結(jié)。國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)該選題則鮮有涉及。本文試圖彌補(bǔ)以上的不足,對(duì)特定歷史時(shí)期英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)變化對(duì)犯罪的影響進(jìn)行條理清楚的闡述,考察近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪的概況,并初步探索一下英國(guó)近代早期治理社會(huì)犯罪的政府對(duì)策。 根據(jù)對(duì)史料的分析和整理,近代早期英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的變化在較大程度上影響著社會(huì)犯罪,以下幾個(gè)方面對(duì)社會(huì)犯罪的發(fā)生、發(fā)展影響最為突出:一是人口的增長(zhǎng)及其壓力;二是貧富差距的拉大并呈擴(kuò)大化趨勢(shì);三是流民問題、環(huán)境問題和失業(yè)問題;四是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、農(nóng)業(yè)歉收和時(shí)疫等誘因;五是宗教、社會(huì)心理等因素。以上經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)條件直接或間接,或大或小地影響著近代早期英國(guó)的社會(huì)犯罪。 近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪類型主要包括侵犯財(cái)產(chǎn)的犯罪、侵犯人身的犯罪和輕罪。其中,侵犯財(cái)產(chǎn)的犯罪主要包括盜竊罪、搶劫罪和夜盜罪;侵犯人身的犯罪則主要包括殺人罪、殺嬰罪和強(qiáng)奸罪;輕罪的范圍較為廣泛,往往和侵權(quán)聯(lián)系在一起。為了更好地分析近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪的狀況,本論文選取了幾種比較重要的犯罪形式予以重點(diǎn)介紹,分別是團(tuán)伙犯罪、女性犯罪、流民犯罪和社會(huì)性犯罪。 近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪給英國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了一系列影響,同時(shí)也給英國(guó)政府帶來相當(dāng)程度的壓力,促使其不得不正視這一問題,并采取相關(guān)措施來處理社會(huì)犯罪:一是強(qiáng)化立法,懲治罪犯的立法很多都體現(xiàn)在取消不同類型罪犯所享有的“教士恩赦權(quán)”方面,同時(shí)英國(guó)政府也頒行了諸多關(guān)于救濟(jì)、平抑糧價(jià)、提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的法令;二是打擊犯罪,死刑是一種主要的方式,其它一些方式如罰款、鞭刑、枷刑、監(jiān)禁等輔之;三是將罪犯流放海外,去向一般是印度和北美殖民地,流放制度是逐步建立的,至1718年英國(guó)政府正式建立流放制度;四是監(jiān)督各級(jí)政府的執(zhí)法活動(dòng),其內(nèi)容既包括加強(qiáng)政府,特別是地方政府的執(zhí)法活動(dòng),也涉及到對(duì)地方秩序的維護(hù)者——治安法官和警官的執(zhí)法活動(dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。通過以上措施,英國(guó)政府把犯罪的治理納入到了制度管理的軌道。 總之,近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)犯罪既深受該時(shí)期英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響,也反映了轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的變化發(fā)展。英國(guó)政府在犯罪的治理方面取得了較好的成效,使18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)社會(huì)秩序得到了較大程度的好轉(zhuǎn),也為18世紀(jì)下半葉工業(yè)革命的順利開展提供了一個(gè)較為良好的國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:In early modern times, that is 16 to mid eighteenth Century, the British Industrial Revolution before the economic and social transition. In this period, great changes have taken place in the economic society, social crime has become a serious social problem. Foreign scholars have carried on the study to a certain extent to the social crime in this period, but for the British economy in early modern times, the social influence on social crime seriously insufficient, and some typical crimes of the crime type integrity analysis and crime in early modern England are vague, there is no systematic summary of the government policy of social crime in early modern England. Domestic scholars on this topic is rarely involved. This paper attempts to remedy the above lack of impact on Britain's economic and social changes in the specific historical period of the crime are clearly described, an investigation of social crime in early modern England, and A preliminary exploration of the government's Countermeasures for the early governance of social crimes in the early modern times.
According to the analysis and sorting of historical, economic and social changes in early modern England influence social crime to a great extent, the following aspects of social crime, affecting the development of the most prominent: one is the population growth and pressure; the two is the widening gap between rich and poor and expanding; three is the refugee problem the environmental problems, and the unemployment rate is four; the war, crop failures and epidemic disease and other incentives; five is religious, social and psychological factors. The economic and social conditions directly or indirectly, or big or small influence of early modern British social crime.
In early modern England society crime types include violations of the property crime, assault crimes and misdemeanors. The infringement of property crimes including theft, robbery and burglary; assault crimes including murder, rape and infanticide; misdemeanor widely, and often infringement together. In order to analyze the situation of crime in early modern England, this thesis chooses several important forms of crime to be introduced, which is organized crime, female crime, crime and crime of refugee community.
The social crime in early modern England produced a series of effects to the society, but also bring considerable pressure to the British government to have to face this problem, and take relevant measures to deal with social crime: one is to strengthen the legislation, punish the criminal legislation is more embodied in different types of criminals enjoy cancel "the priest prerogative of mercy", at the same time, the British government also issued a lot about the relief, stabilize price, provide employment opportunities for the two laws; to combat crime, the death penalty is one of the main ways, some other methods such as fines, imprisonment and caning, pillory, auxiliary; three is the criminals in exile, to is India and North American colonies, the exile system is gradually established, to the British government in 1718 formally established the exile system; four is the law enforcement supervision at all levels of government, its contents include strengthening the government, especially The law enforcement activities of local governments also involve supervising the activities of law enforcement of magistrates and police officers. Through the above measures, the British government put the governance of crime into the orbit of institutional management.
In short, the social crime in early modern England is influenced by the period of economic and social environment in the UK, also reflects the change of the British economic and social development during the transition period. The British government has achieved good results in the crime of governance, the eighteenth Century British social order has been greatly improved, providing a good home the environment for the second half of the eighteenth Century the industrial revolution is carried out smoothly.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K561.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 趙文娟;英國(guó)工業(yè)革命時(shí)期煤礦工人生存環(huán)境考察[D];遼寧大學(xué);2011年

2 陳燕;十九世紀(jì)四十年代倫敦的社會(huì)治安問題[D];上海師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1419258