中國古棗園文化遺產(chǎn)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-30 08:14
【摘要】：棗原產(chǎn)我國,古棗園是以古棗樹所在地為依托形成的具備農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)價值的棗樹園。古棗園所在地往往是歷史上棗的栽培起源中心,古棗園的形成和發(fā)展脈絡(luò)正是棗在我國的栽培規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,栽培價值不斷得到體現(xiàn)的反映。中國北方棗產(chǎn)區(qū)的幾個現(xiàn)存古棗園是人們了解和認(rèn)識古代棗文化發(fā)展演變的重要依據(jù),也是當(dāng)今農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的重要對象。棗起源于酸棗,是我國古代勞動人民在長期的生產(chǎn)生活中從酸棗中選擇果實較好、性狀良好者培育而來。棗最早從黃河中游的陜、晉河谷一帶興起。以后相鄰冀、魯、豫等地逐漸發(fā)展起來。歷史上棗的品種經(jīng)過不斷選優(yōu),其栽培技術(shù)也不斷得到提高。至北魏賈思勰著《齊民要術(shù)》,我國古代對棗的栽培、繁殖等已有較完善的技術(shù)體系,同時在棗園管理、棗果采收及加工方面,也有了較以往更為成熟的發(fā)展。由于棗樹極耐干旱、栽培范圍廣且適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),耐瘠薄、耐鹽堿,不苛選土地的特性十分突出,棗樹在歷史時期常常成為棗區(qū)民眾防風(fēng)治沙的先鋒樹種和重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)來源之一。在此基礎(chǔ)上,一些棗樹集中連片種植的地域,往往以古棗樹為中心形成和建立了古棗園。這些古棗園雖歷經(jīng)千百年,仍發(fā)揮著其最基本的生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)功能,在現(xiàn)今的社會生活中仍有著十分重要的意義。更隨著農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)項目的啟動和近年來觀光果園等旅游形式的發(fā)展,以眾多古棗樹為依托的古棗園開始進(jìn)入人們的視野,受到人們的關(guān)注,這既是古棗園自身歷史文化意味的展現(xiàn),也帶動了古棗園所在地的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。另一方面,古棗園及其棗區(qū)民眾生活中歷代相承襲的以有關(guān)棗的神話傳說、棗俗為代表的棗民俗文化已引起重視并受到一定程度的保護(hù)。今天現(xiàn)存的陜西佳縣千年棗園、河北黃驊古貢棗園等具備一定典型意義的古棗園,不僅是我國棗重要的種質(zhì)資源庫,更承載著豐富的棗文化信息。陜西佳縣千年棗園正沖刺“全球重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)”,其發(fā)展模式和思路可為其他地區(qū)古棗園的發(fā)展提供良好借鑒。另一方面,一些農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)即使已被列入“中國重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)”候選地,由于保護(hù)的力度和深度不夠,仍深陷保護(hù)和開發(fā)難以平衡的尷尬境地,如何在發(fā)展中保護(hù),在不改變古棗園種植模式的前提下,以活態(tài)傳承為主要措施對其進(jìn)行保護(hù),仍是古棗園文化遺產(chǎn)研究中的重點和難點。
[Abstract]:The ancient jujube orchard is a jujube orchard with agricultural and cultural heritage value based on the location of the ancient jujube tree. The location of ancient jujube orchard is often the center of its cultural origin in history. The formation and development of ancient jujube orchard is the reflection of jujube growing scale and cultural value in our country. Several existing ancient jujube gardens in northern China are the important basis for people to understand and understand the development and evolution of ancient jujube culture, and are also important objects for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage. Zizyphus jujuba originated from Zizyphus jujuba. It was cultivated by the Chinese ancient laboring people who chose the fruit from the wild jujube in the long life and the character was good. Dates first emerged from the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Shaanxi and the Jin River Valley. After the adjacent Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other places gradually developed. In the history of jujube varieties through continuous selection, its cultivation technology has been continuously improved. By Jia sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the cultivation and reproduction of jujube in ancient China had a more perfect technical system. At the same time, the management of jujube orchard, the picking and processing of jujube fruit also had more mature development than before. Because jujube trees are extremely drought-tolerant, have wide cultivation range and strong adaptability, are resistant to barren, saline-alkali and non-selective land, jujube trees are often the pioneer species and one of the important economic sources of wind and sand control in jujube area in the historical period. On this basis, the ancient jujube orchard is often formed and established in some areas where jujube trees are concentrated on continuous planting. These ancient jujube gardens, after thousands of years, still play their most basic production and ecological functions, and still have a very important significance in the current social life. With the launching of the agricultural and cultural heritage project and the development of tourism forms such as sightseeing orchards in recent years, the ancient jujube orchard, relying on many ancient jujube trees, began to enter people's vision and received people's attention. This is not only the historical and cultural significance of the ancient jujube garden, but also the economic growth of the ancient jujube garden. On the other hand, the folklore culture of jujube, represented by the mythology and folklore of jujube, has been paid attention to and protected to a certain extent in the people's life of ancient jujube garden and its area. The existing ancient jujube orchards in Jiaxian County of Shaanxi Province and Gugong Jujube Garden in Huanghua County Hebei Province are not only the important germplasm resource bank of Chinese jujube but also carry abundant information of jujube culture. The Millennium Jujube Garden in Jiaxian County of Shaanxi Province is sprinting "the important agricultural cultural heritage of the whole world", and its development mode and train of thought can provide good reference for the development of ancient jujube orchard in other regions. On the other hand, even if some agricultural cultural heritage has been listed as a candidate for "China's important agricultural cultural heritage", because of the insufficient intensity and depth of protection, it is still mired in the awkward situation of protection and development, and how to protect it in the course of development. On the premise of not changing the planting pattern of ancient jujube orchard, it is still an important and difficult point in the study of ancient jujube garden cultural heritage to protect it by taking living inheritance as the main measure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S665.1;G122
本文編號：2212499
[Abstract]:The ancient jujube orchard is a jujube orchard with agricultural and cultural heritage value based on the location of the ancient jujube tree. The location of ancient jujube orchard is often the center of its cultural origin in history. The formation and development of ancient jujube orchard is the reflection of jujube growing scale and cultural value in our country. Several existing ancient jujube gardens in northern China are the important basis for people to understand and understand the development and evolution of ancient jujube culture, and are also important objects for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage. Zizyphus jujuba originated from Zizyphus jujuba. It was cultivated by the Chinese ancient laboring people who chose the fruit from the wild jujube in the long life and the character was good. Dates first emerged from the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Shaanxi and the Jin River Valley. After the adjacent Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other places gradually developed. In the history of jujube varieties through continuous selection, its cultivation technology has been continuously improved. By Jia sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the cultivation and reproduction of jujube in ancient China had a more perfect technical system. At the same time, the management of jujube orchard, the picking and processing of jujube fruit also had more mature development than before. Because jujube trees are extremely drought-tolerant, have wide cultivation range and strong adaptability, are resistant to barren, saline-alkali and non-selective land, jujube trees are often the pioneer species and one of the important economic sources of wind and sand control in jujube area in the historical period. On this basis, the ancient jujube orchard is often formed and established in some areas where jujube trees are concentrated on continuous planting. These ancient jujube gardens, after thousands of years, still play their most basic production and ecological functions, and still have a very important significance in the current social life. With the launching of the agricultural and cultural heritage project and the development of tourism forms such as sightseeing orchards in recent years, the ancient jujube orchard, relying on many ancient jujube trees, began to enter people's vision and received people's attention. This is not only the historical and cultural significance of the ancient jujube garden, but also the economic growth of the ancient jujube garden. On the other hand, the folklore culture of jujube, represented by the mythology and folklore of jujube, has been paid attention to and protected to a certain extent in the people's life of ancient jujube garden and its area. The existing ancient jujube orchards in Jiaxian County of Shaanxi Province and Gugong Jujube Garden in Huanghua County Hebei Province are not only the important germplasm resource bank of Chinese jujube but also carry abundant information of jujube culture. The Millennium Jujube Garden in Jiaxian County of Shaanxi Province is sprinting "the important agricultural cultural heritage of the whole world", and its development mode and train of thought can provide good reference for the development of ancient jujube orchard in other regions. On the other hand, even if some agricultural cultural heritage has been listed as a candidate for "China's important agricultural cultural heritage", because of the insufficient intensity and depth of protection, it is still mired in the awkward situation of protection and development, and how to protect it in the course of development. On the premise of not changing the planting pattern of ancient jujube orchard, it is still an important and difficult point in the study of ancient jujube garden cultural heritage to protect it by taking living inheritance as the main measure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S665.1;G122
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