世界文化遺產(chǎn)地自然災害類風險管理研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-20 11:00
【摘要】：世界文化遺產(chǎn)地極其珍貴,全人類都有責任保護其不受損害。隨著社會發(fā)展、環(huán)境變化及過度旅游開發(fā)等因素影響,經(jīng)歷了千百年留存下來的世界文化遺產(chǎn)地(簡稱遺產(chǎn)地)日益變得脆弱加之各種風險的影響,使遺產(chǎn)地面臨更多的風險,但各類風險中往往是自然災害風險給遺產(chǎn)地帶來毀滅性或極其嚴重的損害,給遺產(chǎn)地保護工作帶來了更大的威脅與挑戰(zhàn),使人們越來越清楚地認識到遺產(chǎn)地自然災害風險管理的重要性、必要性和緊迫性。黨中央、國務(wù)院歷來高度重視世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護工作,由于長期過度開發(fā)和不合理利用,遺產(chǎn)地正面臨著巨大的威脅,有的遺產(chǎn)地消亡或正逐漸受到破壞,因此,加強文化遺產(chǎn)保護刻不容緩。世界文化遺產(chǎn)地是全人類共同的物質(zhì)和精神財富,極其珍貴又不可再生,具有突出的普遍價值,每處遺產(chǎn)地都承載著歷史、藝術(shù)或科學價值。保護世界文化遺產(chǎn)不受損害,主要是保護其價值不受損害,當遺產(chǎn)地面臨自然災害風險威脅時,避免價值損失的發(fā)生,或者將預期發(fā)生的價值損失降低到最低水平才能使遺產(chǎn)價值盡可能加以延續(xù)。因此將風險管理理論引入到世界文化遺產(chǎn)地保護與管理中,為避免文物的價值損失提供了理論依據(jù),為預防性保護提供了重要的理論與方法。本文重點研究遺產(chǎn)地的自然災害類風險,提出了風險評估各階段的主要研究內(nèi)容,針對于遺產(chǎn)地的實際情況提出了風險評價準則及風險應(yīng)對方法。通過本文對世界文化遺產(chǎn)地自然災害類風險管理的研究,為實現(xiàn)世界文化遺產(chǎn)的風險管理提供重要的理論和方法支撐。通過以敦煌莫高窟的為實例進行研究,提出了莫高窟自然災害風險識別、分析、評價、應(yīng)對的內(nèi)容；圍繞敦煌莫高窟風險評價需求,開展莫高窟風險分析準則和風險等級劃分方法研究,建立面向敦煌莫高窟的風險分類、分級體系；綜合考慮現(xiàn)有風險處理技術(shù)手段及管理條件,針對莫高窟風險預報、預警、控制和突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急等不同類型風險響應(yīng)方式,開展不同類型風險與響應(yīng)優(yōu)先級之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系研究,以及風險預報、預警、控制和突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急等的響應(yīng)機制研究。
[Abstract]:The world's cultural heritage is so precious that all human beings have a duty to protect it from harm. With the influence of social development, environmental change and over-exploitation of tourism, the world cultural heritage sites, which have survived for thousands of years, have become increasingly fragile and affected by various risks, which make the heritage sites face more risks. However, among all kinds of risks, natural disasters often bring destructive or extremely serious damage to heritage sites, and pose greater threats and challenges to the protection of heritage sites. It makes people realize the importance, necessity and urgency of natural disaster risk management. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the protection of world cultural heritage. As a result of long-term over-exploitation and irrational utilization, heritage sites are facing a great threat, some of which are dying out or are gradually being destroyed. It is urgent to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage. World cultural heritage is the common material and spiritual wealth of all mankind. It is extremely precious and non-renewable, and has outstanding universal value. Every heritage place bears historical, artistic or scientific value. To protect the world cultural heritage from damage, mainly to protect its value from harm, and to avoid the loss of value when the site is threatened by natural disasters. Or reduce the expected loss of value to a minimum level so that the value of the heritage as long as possible. Therefore, the introduction of risk management theory into the protection and management of world cultural heritage sites provides a theoretical basis for avoiding the value loss of cultural relics and an important theory and method for preventive conservation. This paper focuses on the risk of natural disasters in heritage sites, puts forward the main research contents of each stage of risk assessment, and puts forward the risk evaluation criteria and risk response methods according to the actual situation of heritage sites. Through the research on the risk management of natural disasters in the world cultural heritage sites, this paper provides an important theoretical and methodological support for the realization of risk management of the world cultural heritage. By taking the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang as an example, the paper puts forward the contents of natural disaster risk identification, analysis, evaluation and response of the Mogao Grottoes, and focuses on the needs of the risk assessment of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. To study the risk analysis criteria and risk classification methods of Mogao Grottoes, to establish a risk classification and classification system for the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, to comprehensively consider the existing risk treatment techniques and management conditions, and to forecast and early warning the risk in Mogao Grottoes, and to set up a risk classification and classification system for the Mogao Grottoes. Different types of risk response methods such as control and emergency response, the corresponding relationship between different types of risk and response priority, and the response mechanism of risk forecasting, early warning, control and emergency response are studied.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G122
本文編號：2193345
[Abstract]:The world's cultural heritage is so precious that all human beings have a duty to protect it from harm. With the influence of social development, environmental change and over-exploitation of tourism, the world cultural heritage sites, which have survived for thousands of years, have become increasingly fragile and affected by various risks, which make the heritage sites face more risks. However, among all kinds of risks, natural disasters often bring destructive or extremely serious damage to heritage sites, and pose greater threats and challenges to the protection of heritage sites. It makes people realize the importance, necessity and urgency of natural disaster risk management. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the protection of world cultural heritage. As a result of long-term over-exploitation and irrational utilization, heritage sites are facing a great threat, some of which are dying out or are gradually being destroyed. It is urgent to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage. World cultural heritage is the common material and spiritual wealth of all mankind. It is extremely precious and non-renewable, and has outstanding universal value. Every heritage place bears historical, artistic or scientific value. To protect the world cultural heritage from damage, mainly to protect its value from harm, and to avoid the loss of value when the site is threatened by natural disasters. Or reduce the expected loss of value to a minimum level so that the value of the heritage as long as possible. Therefore, the introduction of risk management theory into the protection and management of world cultural heritage sites provides a theoretical basis for avoiding the value loss of cultural relics and an important theory and method for preventive conservation. This paper focuses on the risk of natural disasters in heritage sites, puts forward the main research contents of each stage of risk assessment, and puts forward the risk evaluation criteria and risk response methods according to the actual situation of heritage sites. Through the research on the risk management of natural disasters in the world cultural heritage sites, this paper provides an important theoretical and methodological support for the realization of risk management of the world cultural heritage. By taking the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang as an example, the paper puts forward the contents of natural disaster risk identification, analysis, evaluation and response of the Mogao Grottoes, and focuses on the needs of the risk assessment of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. To study the risk analysis criteria and risk classification methods of Mogao Grottoes, to establish a risk classification and classification system for the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, to comprehensively consider the existing risk treatment techniques and management conditions, and to forecast and early warning the risk in Mogao Grottoes, and to set up a risk classification and classification system for the Mogao Grottoes. Different types of risk response methods such as control and emergency response, the corresponding relationship between different types of risk and response priority, and the response mechanism of risk forecasting, early warning, control and emergency response are studied.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G122
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