俄羅斯莊園文化特色研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-16 09:24
【摘要】：作為文化意義上的俄羅斯莊園興起于18世紀(jì)中葉,在葉卡捷琳娜二世執(zhí)政時(shí)期達(dá)到鼎盛。20世紀(jì)前期卻因歷史原因,遭到空前的破壞和損毀,得以幸存的莊園愈顯彌足珍貴。俄羅斯莊園具有極高的研究價(jià)值,它是集建筑、園林、雕塑、繪畫、戲劇、文學(xué)等藝術(shù)形式為一體的綜合文化載體。俄羅斯莊園體現(xiàn)了俄羅斯深厚的文化底蘊(yùn),反映了俄羅斯民族的審美情感、精神風(fēng)貌與文化發(fā)展水準(zhǔn),在俄羅斯社會(huì)的舞臺(tái)上扮演著重要角色,產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。 莊園文化涵蓋于俄羅斯文化整體之中,同時(shí),也為俄羅斯文化的繁榮起到積極的推動(dòng)作用。眾多的文學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家、評(píng)論家等深受俄羅斯莊園文化的熏陶：他們或是從小在莊園里長大,深受莊園文化熏陶；或是以莊園為舞臺(tái),在此表演、創(chuàng)作與談?wù)摗Ｓ纱丝梢?莊園是這些文人學(xué)者們杰出成就的沃土和搖籃。 讀者從俄羅斯文學(xué)作品中讀到了莊園的美,也感受到作者心中寄托于莊園的獨(dú)特的深厚情感。在這些著作中,俄羅斯莊園呈現(xiàn)出和諧、寧靜、美好的文化形態(tài),令人心之向往。由此可見,莊園文化對(duì)俄羅斯文學(xué)藝術(shù)界所產(chǎn)生的影響不可小覷。莊園因其高尚的審美情操、獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)魅力在俄羅斯社會(huì)中占據(jù)重要地位,不僅僅體現(xiàn)在莊園文化元素的多面性,更重要的是,它反映了整個(gè)俄羅斯民族在歷史發(fā)展中所形成的雙面性——開放與兼容并存、宗教與傳統(tǒng)影響的民族性格。 俄羅斯莊園作為凝固的文化元素,承載和反映了俄羅斯民族在不同時(shí)期的歷史風(fēng)貌、文化品味等等,是俄羅斯文化史上一顆璀燦的明珠。俄羅斯莊園文化對(duì)于我們更好的了解俄羅斯民族,研究俄羅斯民族的歷史發(fā)展和性格特點(diǎn),意義重大。 與此同時(shí),俄羅斯莊園文化作為一種美的顯著表現(xiàn),具有極高的美學(xué)研究價(jià)值。近年來,許多學(xué)者致力于俄羅斯美學(xué)發(fā)展問題研究,運(yùn)用美學(xué)原理就建筑等方面的藝術(shù)特征重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析。但運(yùn)用美學(xué)理論體系對(duì)莊園文化進(jìn)行詮釋并不多見,因而,在這個(gè)問題上的深入探索將會(huì)是是研究俄羅斯文化的創(chuàng)新與突破。 俄羅斯本土對(duì)莊園文化的研究比較深刻,早在18、19世紀(jì)就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了多部描寫莊園生活的文章,如為世人所熟知的屠格涅夫《貴族之家》小說系列。1922年以藝術(shù)理論家茲古拉為首,組建了俄羅斯莊園研究會(huì),在俄羅斯莊園史研究中起到了重要作用。1980年初,出現(xiàn)了一些研究俄羅斯資本主義時(shí)期貴族及莊園的作品。從80年代中期開始,對(duì)于俄羅斯貴族莊園的研究趨向于客觀化,俄羅斯女作家拜布洛娃的作品《18世紀(jì)的俄國莊園：作為同時(shí)代人的內(nèi)心世界的反映》就是一個(gè)很好的例子。1992年俄羅斯莊園研究學(xué)會(huì)重建,旨在更好的保護(hù)和延續(xù)俄羅斯莊園文化,拉斯卡佐娃作為莊園研究學(xué)會(huì)成員之一,提出把莊園作為文化-歷史現(xiàn)象來研究,這一觀念得到普遍贊同。近十年來,俄羅斯本土對(duì)莊園的研究融入到了歷史學(xué)、建筑學(xué)、藝術(shù)學(xué)、文化學(xué)等各個(gè)方面,并取得了顯著成績。 中國學(xué)者對(duì)俄羅斯莊園文化有一定研究,但相對(duì)而言,不夠全面和深入。具有代表意義的文章或作品有：儲(chǔ)誠意于2004年在《俄語學(xué)習(xí)》中發(fā)表的文章《俄羅斯的莊園文化》、楊玉明于2009年在《沈陽建筑大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)中發(fā)表的文章《俄羅斯莊園文化漫談》、楊穎于2010年發(fā)表的文章《淺談俄羅斯莊園文化》、王茜于2007年在《黑龍江社會(huì)科學(xué)》中發(fā)表的文章《俄羅斯莊園研究狀況綜述》、鄭倩華于2007年在《俄語學(xué)習(xí)》發(fā)表的文章《俄羅斯百年莊園漫談》等等。這些作品都很好地描述了俄羅斯莊園文化的特色所在,并予以簡要說明,但對(duì)于俄羅斯莊園的歷史流變、俄羅斯莊園包含的美學(xué)思想、俄羅斯莊園所體現(xiàn)的民族特性等方面極少涉及,由此,本研究擬從俄羅斯莊園文化特色出發(fā),闡述其演變、發(fā)展過程,并深入探索其內(nèi)在的美學(xué)思想和民族精神。 本文主要由三部分組成：前言,正文和結(jié)論。 在前言部分我們將介紹本文的研究現(xiàn)狀、研究任務(wù)及其研究目的。 正文由四個(gè)章節(jié)構(gòu)成：第一章描寫俄羅斯莊園概況,本章節(jié)主要闡述俄羅斯莊園歷史流變和俄羅斯莊園分布情況,精細(xì)梳理俄羅斯莊園產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、衰敗的歷史,引用權(quán)威理論并慎密推斷出本文論證的莊園概念范圍,同時(shí),以具有代表意義的幾個(gè)貴族莊園為范例,通過具體的描述初步建立對(duì)莊園文化的概念；第二章從園林、建筑、雕塑、繪畫、戲劇、文學(xué)等幾方面具體論證俄羅斯莊園文化特色,尤其著眼于最為凸顯特色的園林、建筑、繪畫、戲劇藝術(shù),并列舉了皇村、庫斯科沃莊園、塔爾罕內(nèi)莊園等一系列著名貴族莊園進(jìn)行論證,旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)俄羅斯莊園文化特色的巨大價(jià)值所在；第三章運(yùn)用唯物主義美學(xué)思想對(duì)俄羅斯莊園文化特色進(jìn)行分析,在本章中,將俄羅斯莊園看作美的客觀存在,結(jié)合黑格爾美學(xué)思想及朱光潛美學(xué)思想中的唯物主義部分,深入探索俄羅斯莊園美學(xué)內(nèi)涵,揭示出莊園美學(xué)的主客觀統(tǒng)一性和歷史存在性；第四章展示俄羅斯莊園文化在俄國社會(huì)中的地位和影響。本章旨在突出俄羅斯莊園文化特色與俄羅斯民族性格之間的必然聯(lián)系,揭示出二者相輔成、互為依托的復(fù)雜關(guān)系,提高莊園文化研究內(nèi)在高度。 最后,對(duì)于俄羅斯莊園文化進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括,點(diǎn)出本文的精髓與特色所在。 由于本人經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,學(xué)識(shí)有限,資料尚缺,文中的一些觀點(diǎn)有待挖掘和商榷,缺點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤,懇請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正。
[Abstract]:As a cultural sense, Russian manor rose in the middle of the 18th century and reached its peak during the reign of Yekaterina II. However, due to historical reasons, the early 20th century was destroyed and damaged unprecedentedly, and the surviving manor became more and more precious. Russian manor has a high research value, it is a collection of architecture, gardens, sculpture, painting, drama. Russian manor embodies the profound cultural background of Russia, reflects the aesthetic feelings of the Russian nation, spiritual style and cultural development level, plays an important role in the stage of Russian society and has a far-reaching impact.
Manor culture covers the whole Russian culture, but also plays a positive role in promoting the prosperity of Russian culture. Many writers, artists, critics and so on are deeply influenced by Russian manor culture: they grew up in the manor, deeply influenced by the manor culture; or the manor as a stage, in this performance, create. From this point of view, the manor is the fertile land and cradle of these outstanding scholars and scholars.
The reader has read the beauty of the manor in Russian literary works, and has also felt the author's unique deep feelings in the manor. In these works, the Russian manor presents a harmonious, tranquil, beautiful cultural form, which makes people yearn for. Thus, the influence of the manor culture on the Russian literary and artistic circles can not be underestimated. The manor occupies an important position in Russian society because of its noble aesthetic sentiment and unique artistic charm. It not only reflects the multifaceted cultural elements of the manor, but also reflects the dual character of the whole Russian nation in its historical development, that is, the coexistence of openness and compatibility, the influence of religion and tradition.
As a solidified cultural element, Russian manor bears and reflects the historical features and cultural tastes of the Russian nation in different periods. It is a brilliant pearl in the history of Russian culture. Big.
In recent years, many scholars have devoted themselves to the study of the development of Russian aesthetics, using aesthetic principles to analyze the artistic features of architecture and other aspects, but using aesthetic theory system to interpret the manor culture is not so valuable. Therefore, the further exploration on this issue will be to study the innovation and breakthrough of Russian culture.
As early as the 18th and 19th centuries, there were many articles describing the life of the manor, such as Turgenev's novel series "The House of the Aristocrats". In 1922, the art theorist Zigula led the establishment of the Russian Manor Research Society, which played a role in the study of the history of the Russian manor. In the early 1980s, there were some works on the aristocracy and manor of the Russian capitalist period. Since the mid-1980s, the study on the aristocratic manor of Russia has tended to objectify. The works of the Russian woman writer Bybrova < The Russian Manor of the 18th Century: A reflection of the inner world of contemporaries < is one of them. A good example. In 1992, the Russian Institute of Manor Studies was rebuilt to better protect and continue the Russian manor culture. Laskazova, as a member of the Institute of Manor Studies, proposed to study the manor as a cultural-historical phenomenon. This concept has been generally accepted. In the past decade, the study of manor in Russia has been integrated into the study of Manor culture. History, architecture, art, culture, and other aspects, and achieved remarkable results.
Chinese scholars have done some research on Russian manor culture, but relatively speaking, it is not comprehensive and in-depth. The representative articles or works are: Chu Chengyi's article "Russian manor culture" published in "Russian study" in 2004, Yang Yuming's article in "Journal of Shenyang Architectural University" (Social Science Edition) published in 2009. These works are all very good. Describes the characteristics of Russian manor culture, and gives a brief explanation, but for the historical changes of Russian manor, Russian manor contains aesthetic ideas, Russian manor embodied in the national characteristics are rarely involved, so this study is intended to start from the characteristics of Russian manor culture, elaborate its evolution, development process, and in-depth. To explore its inherent aesthetic ideas and national spirit.
This paper consists of three parts: preface, main body and conclusion.
In the preface, we will introduce the research status, research tasks and research purposes of this paper.
The text consists of four chapters: The first chapter describes the general situation of Russian manor. This chapter mainly expounds the historical changes of Russian manor and the distribution of Russian manor. Several aristocratic manors are exemplified, and the concept of manor culture is preliminarily established through specific description; Chapter 2 demonstrates the characteristics of Russian manor culture from garden, architecture, sculpture, painting, drama, literature and other aspects, especially focusing on the most distinctive gardens, architecture, painting, drama art, and lists the Imperial Village, Kusko. A series of famous aristocratic manors, such as Vo Manor and Tarhanne Manor, are demonstrated in order to emphasize the great value of the cultural characteristics of Russian manor. Chapter three analyzes the cultural characteristics of Russian manor by using the materialistic aesthetic thought. In this chapter, Russian manor is regarded as an objective existence of beauty, and Hegel's aesthetic thought is combined with it. And the materialism part of Zhu Guangqian's aesthetic thought, deeply explores the aesthetic connotation of Russian manor, reveals the subjective and objective unity and historical existence of Russian manor aesthetics; the fourth chapter shows the status and influence of Russian manor culture in Russian society. The inevitable relationship between them reveals the complex relationship between them, which is complementary and interdependent, and improves the internal level of the study of manor culture.
Finally, summarize and summarize the culture of Russian manor, and point out the essence and characteristics of this article.
Due to my inexperience, limited knowledge and lack of information, some of the views in this paper need to be explored and discussed, shortcomings and errors, please criticize and correct.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G151.2
本文編號(hào)：2185568
[Abstract]:As a cultural sense, Russian manor rose in the middle of the 18th century and reached its peak during the reign of Yekaterina II. However, due to historical reasons, the early 20th century was destroyed and damaged unprecedentedly, and the surviving manor became more and more precious. Russian manor has a high research value, it is a collection of architecture, gardens, sculpture, painting, drama. Russian manor embodies the profound cultural background of Russia, reflects the aesthetic feelings of the Russian nation, spiritual style and cultural development level, plays an important role in the stage of Russian society and has a far-reaching impact.
Manor culture covers the whole Russian culture, but also plays a positive role in promoting the prosperity of Russian culture. Many writers, artists, critics and so on are deeply influenced by Russian manor culture: they grew up in the manor, deeply influenced by the manor culture; or the manor as a stage, in this performance, create. From this point of view, the manor is the fertile land and cradle of these outstanding scholars and scholars.
The reader has read the beauty of the manor in Russian literary works, and has also felt the author's unique deep feelings in the manor. In these works, the Russian manor presents a harmonious, tranquil, beautiful cultural form, which makes people yearn for. Thus, the influence of the manor culture on the Russian literary and artistic circles can not be underestimated. The manor occupies an important position in Russian society because of its noble aesthetic sentiment and unique artistic charm. It not only reflects the multifaceted cultural elements of the manor, but also reflects the dual character of the whole Russian nation in its historical development, that is, the coexistence of openness and compatibility, the influence of religion and tradition.
As a solidified cultural element, Russian manor bears and reflects the historical features and cultural tastes of the Russian nation in different periods. It is a brilliant pearl in the history of Russian culture. Big.
In recent years, many scholars have devoted themselves to the study of the development of Russian aesthetics, using aesthetic principles to analyze the artistic features of architecture and other aspects, but using aesthetic theory system to interpret the manor culture is not so valuable. Therefore, the further exploration on this issue will be to study the innovation and breakthrough of Russian culture.
As early as the 18th and 19th centuries, there were many articles describing the life of the manor, such as Turgenev's novel series "The House of the Aristocrats". In 1922, the art theorist Zigula led the establishment of the Russian Manor Research Society, which played a role in the study of the history of the Russian manor. In the early 1980s, there were some works on the aristocracy and manor of the Russian capitalist period. Since the mid-1980s, the study on the aristocratic manor of Russia has tended to objectify. The works of the Russian woman writer Bybrova < The Russian Manor of the 18th Century: A reflection of the inner world of contemporaries < is one of them. A good example. In 1992, the Russian Institute of Manor Studies was rebuilt to better protect and continue the Russian manor culture. Laskazova, as a member of the Institute of Manor Studies, proposed to study the manor as a cultural-historical phenomenon. This concept has been generally accepted. In the past decade, the study of manor in Russia has been integrated into the study of Manor culture. History, architecture, art, culture, and other aspects, and achieved remarkable results.
Chinese scholars have done some research on Russian manor culture, but relatively speaking, it is not comprehensive and in-depth. The representative articles or works are: Chu Chengyi's article "Russian manor culture" published in "Russian study" in 2004, Yang Yuming's article in "Journal of Shenyang Architectural University" (Social Science Edition) published in 2009. These works are all very good. Describes the characteristics of Russian manor culture, and gives a brief explanation, but for the historical changes of Russian manor, Russian manor contains aesthetic ideas, Russian manor embodied in the national characteristics are rarely involved, so this study is intended to start from the characteristics of Russian manor culture, elaborate its evolution, development process, and in-depth. To explore its inherent aesthetic ideas and national spirit.
This paper consists of three parts: preface, main body and conclusion.
In the preface, we will introduce the research status, research tasks and research purposes of this paper.
The text consists of four chapters: The first chapter describes the general situation of Russian manor. This chapter mainly expounds the historical changes of Russian manor and the distribution of Russian manor. Several aristocratic manors are exemplified, and the concept of manor culture is preliminarily established through specific description; Chapter 2 demonstrates the characteristics of Russian manor culture from garden, architecture, sculpture, painting, drama, literature and other aspects, especially focusing on the most distinctive gardens, architecture, painting, drama art, and lists the Imperial Village, Kusko. A series of famous aristocratic manors, such as Vo Manor and Tarhanne Manor, are demonstrated in order to emphasize the great value of the cultural characteristics of Russian manor. Chapter three analyzes the cultural characteristics of Russian manor by using the materialistic aesthetic thought. In this chapter, Russian manor is regarded as an objective existence of beauty, and Hegel's aesthetic thought is combined with it. And the materialism part of Zhu Guangqian's aesthetic thought, deeply explores the aesthetic connotation of Russian manor, reveals the subjective and objective unity and historical existence of Russian manor aesthetics; the fourth chapter shows the status and influence of Russian manor culture in Russian society. The inevitable relationship between them reveals the complex relationship between them, which is complementary and interdependent, and improves the internal level of the study of manor culture.
Finally, summarize and summarize the culture of Russian manor, and point out the essence and characteristics of this article.
Due to my inexperience, limited knowledge and lack of information, some of the views in this paper need to be explored and discussed, shortcomings and errors, please criticize and correct.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G151.2
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