費耶阿本德的自由社會理論
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 09:11
【摘要】：啟蒙運動后,科學逐步體現(xiàn)出優(yōu)越性,豐富的科技成果提高了人類生活水平�？茖W占據(jù)社會中心并向非科學擴張,使得全社會都追求“科學化”。但是隨著社會對科學的推崇過度,科學弊端也隨之逐步凸顯。難以預料的自然問題和社會問題的不斷出現(xiàn),嚴重阻礙了社會發(fā)展進步,壓制了人們的自由和權利,甚至威脅人類生存。費耶阿本德認為科學的社會優(yōu)越性是一種社會文化霸權,稱之為科學沙文主義。費耶阿本德通過對科學沙文主義和科學家的社會判決權的批判,進而提出了自由社會理論。自由社會理論認為科學文化和其他諸多非科學文化都是平等自由的。不同文化都是根據(jù)具體環(huán)境、符合特定人群意愿而發(fā)展起來的,各文化都有其存在的合理性與價值�？茖W文化應該堅守在領域內部,而不應該干涉其他文化的發(fā)展。社會事務也應該通過公民討論后由直接相關人決策,而科學家只有建議權。 自由社會理論在反思科學的社會優(yōu)越性、提倡民主自由的觀念、保護文化多樣性和保護非科學文化的成員的利益等方面對現(xiàn)代社會的建設與改革都極具參考價值。但費耶阿本德現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展中遇到的問題簡單地歸結為科學文化對非科學文化的壓迫,這一觀點是值得商榷的,問題的根源應該是不同文化問的關系問題,科學文化的優(yōu)越性與社會文化的多樣性并非不可兼容。所以,更好的社會模式應該是這樣的：總體而言,承認科學文化在社會發(fā)展中體現(xiàn)出的優(yōu)越性,科學文化及理性方法應該是人們認識世界、改造世界的基礎。局部而言,同時也承認社會文化的多樣性。在處理具體問題時要考慮問題所處具體文化環(huán)境的特殊性,將科學方法與具體環(huán)境相結合,與具體環(huán)境的人們的意愿相結合。
[Abstract]:After the Enlightenment, science gradually showed its superiority, and the rich scientific and technological achievements improved the living standards of human beings. Science occupies the center of society and expands to non-science, which makes the whole society pursue scientization. However, with the society's excessive praise of science, the drawbacks of science are gradually highlighted. The emergence of unpredictable natural and social problems seriously hinders the progress of social development, suppresses people's freedom and rights, and even threatens the survival of mankind. Feyerabend thinks that the social superiority of science is a kind of social and cultural hegemony, which is called scientific chauvinism. By criticizing scientific chauvinism and scientists' right of social judgment, Feyerabend put forward the theory of free society. The theory of free society holds that scientific culture and many other non-scientific cultures are equal and free. Different cultures are developed according to specific environment and according with the wishes of specific people. Each culture has its own rationality and value of existence. Science and culture should remain within the realm and should not interfere with the development of other cultures. Social affairs should also be decided by people directly concerned after citizen discussion, and scientists have only the right to advise. The theory of free society is of great reference value to the construction and reform of modern society in the aspects of reflecting on the social superiority of science, advocating the concept of democracy and freedom, protecting cultural diversity and protecting the interests of members of non-scientific culture. However, the problems encountered in the development of Feyerabend's modern society can simply be attributed to the oppression of scientific culture on non-scientific culture. This view is open to question, and the root of the problem should be the question of the relationship between different cultures. The superiority of science and culture is not incompatible with the diversity of social culture. Therefore, a better social model should be like this: in general, recognizing the superiority of scientific culture in social development, scientific culture and rational methods should be the basis for people to understand and transform the world. In part, it also recognizes the diversity of society and culture. When dealing with specific problems, we should consider the particularity of the specific cultural environment in which the problem is located, and combine the scientific methods with the specific environment and the will of the people in the specific environment.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G0
本文編號：2167242
[Abstract]:After the Enlightenment, science gradually showed its superiority, and the rich scientific and technological achievements improved the living standards of human beings. Science occupies the center of society and expands to non-science, which makes the whole society pursue scientization. However, with the society's excessive praise of science, the drawbacks of science are gradually highlighted. The emergence of unpredictable natural and social problems seriously hinders the progress of social development, suppresses people's freedom and rights, and even threatens the survival of mankind. Feyerabend thinks that the social superiority of science is a kind of social and cultural hegemony, which is called scientific chauvinism. By criticizing scientific chauvinism and scientists' right of social judgment, Feyerabend put forward the theory of free society. The theory of free society holds that scientific culture and many other non-scientific cultures are equal and free. Different cultures are developed according to specific environment and according with the wishes of specific people. Each culture has its own rationality and value of existence. Science and culture should remain within the realm and should not interfere with the development of other cultures. Social affairs should also be decided by people directly concerned after citizen discussion, and scientists have only the right to advise. The theory of free society is of great reference value to the construction and reform of modern society in the aspects of reflecting on the social superiority of science, advocating the concept of democracy and freedom, protecting cultural diversity and protecting the interests of members of non-scientific culture. However, the problems encountered in the development of Feyerabend's modern society can simply be attributed to the oppression of scientific culture on non-scientific culture. This view is open to question, and the root of the problem should be the question of the relationship between different cultures. The superiority of science and culture is not incompatible with the diversity of social culture. Therefore, a better social model should be like this: in general, recognizing the superiority of scientific culture in social development, scientific culture and rational methods should be the basis for people to understand and transform the world. In part, it also recognizes the diversity of society and culture. When dealing with specific problems, we should consider the particularity of the specific cultural environment in which the problem is located, and combine the scientific methods with the specific environment and the will of the people in the specific environment.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G0
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