美國(guó)主流媒體對(duì)中美乒乓外交的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-11 10:36
【摘要】：乒乓外交開(kāi)啟了隔絕20多年的中美關(guān)系的大門(mén)�！捌古彝饨弧币辉~最早是由媒體在報(bào)道中使用的。1971年第31屆世乒賽在日本舉行期間，美國(guó)代表隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員科恩在前往比賽場(chǎng)館時(shí)誤乘中國(guó)隊(duì)的車(chē)，中國(guó)乒乓名將莊則棟贈(zèng)予禮物給科恩，由兩國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員展開(kāi)的友誼被敏銳的媒體所捕捉，從而拉開(kāi)了中美乒乓外交的序幕。世界上的許多主流媒體都對(duì)此事給予了極大的關(guān)注，推動(dòng)了中國(guó)同意美國(guó)乒乓球代表團(tuán)的訪華請(qǐng)求。1971年4月11日至18日，美國(guó)代表團(tuán)成員的在華活動(dòng)引起了主流媒體、特別是美國(guó)主流媒體的廣泛報(bào)道，進(jìn)而對(duì)美國(guó)公眾輿論產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。 美國(guó)乒乓球隊(duì)訪華并不能確保乒乓外交的成功。媒體在中美乒乓外交中發(fā)揮了重要的推動(dòng)作用，是打破中美之間堅(jiān)冰，，搭建兩國(guó)民眾溝通橋梁，傳播和塑造國(guó)家形象、推動(dòng)兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行外交決策的重要因素。 媒體在乒乓外交中的作用首先表現(xiàn)在對(duì)于美國(guó)公眾輿論的塑造上，中美隔絕多年，人員交往中斷，媒體的報(bào)道是公眾獲取有關(guān)中國(guó)信息的主要來(lái)源。美國(guó)乒乓球代表團(tuán)作為新中國(guó)成立后的首支訪華隊(duì)伍，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《華盛頓郵報(bào)》等主流媒體改變過(guò)去對(duì)中國(guó)消極、負(fù)面的評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)美國(guó)代表團(tuán)在華訪問(wèn)進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的報(bào)道，為美國(guó)公眾中展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)積極健康的中國(guó)形象，由此引起美國(guó)公眾輿論的變化，并體現(xiàn)在美國(guó)民眾關(guān)于是否同意恢復(fù)中國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)合法地位的支持率上。 主流媒體還影響了中美兩國(guó)的外交決策。中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人利用記者和媒體傳達(dá)自己對(duì)重大問(wèn)題的看法，并向尼克松傳話，通過(guò)媒體展示中國(guó)形象，對(duì)外傳遞友好信號(hào)，此外媒體報(bào)道還作為外交決策的參考信息推動(dòng)了毛澤東同意美國(guó)代表團(tuán)的訪華請(qǐng)求。美國(guó)尼克松政府通過(guò)媒體對(duì)公眾輿論的影響，試探民眾對(duì)美國(guó)對(duì)華緩和政策的反應(yīng)，使其對(duì)華政策得以順利施行。 在乒乓外交的促進(jìn)下，中美關(guān)系打破堅(jiān)冰迅速緩和最終得以建交。在從乒乓外交學(xué)習(xí)其借鑒意義的同時(shí)，也應(yīng)看到媒體在乒乓外交中發(fā)揮作用的特殊性和局限性，這是當(dāng)時(shí)的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境和利益需求決定的。
[Abstract]:Ping-pong diplomacy opened the door to Sino-US relations, which have been isolated for more than 20 years. The term "ping-pong diplomacy" was first used in media reports. During the 31st World Table Tennis Championships held in Japan in 1971, American team athlete Cohen accidentally took the Chinese team's car when he went to the stadium. Zhuang Zedong, a famous Chinese ping-pong player, gave Cohen a gift, and the friendship between the athletes of the two countries was captured by keen media, thus opening the prelude to ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States. Many mainstream media in the world have paid great attention to this matter and promoted China to agree to the request of the US table tennis delegation to visit China. From April 11 to 18, 1971, the activities of members of the US delegation in China aroused the mainstream media. In particular, the extensive coverage of the mainstream media in the United States has had a great impact on American public opinion. The visit of the American table tennis team to China does not ensure the success of ping-pong diplomacy. The media has played an important role in promoting ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States, and is an important factor in breaking the ice between China and the United States, building bridges between the people of the two countries, spreading and shaping the national image, and promoting the leaders of the two countries to make diplomatic decisions. The role of the media in ping-pong diplomacy is first reflected in the shaping of American public opinion. China and the United States have been isolated for many years, personnel exchanges have been interrupted, and media reports are the main source of public access to information about China. As the first team to visit China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the US table tennis delegation has changed its negative and negative comments on China in the past by mainstream media such as the New York Times and the Washington Post. A detailed report on the visit of the US delegation to China has shown a positive and healthy image of China among the American public, thus causing changes in public opinion in the United States. It is also reflected in the approval rating of the American people about whether they agree to restore China's legal status at the United Nations. The mainstream media also influenced the diplomatic decisions of China and the United States. Chinese leaders used journalists and the media to convey their views on major issues, sent messages to Nixon, displayed China's image through the media, and conveyed friendly signals to the outside world. In addition, media reports also promoted Mao Zedong to agree to the request of the US delegation to visit China as a reference for foreign policy decisions. Through the influence of the media on public opinion, the Nixon administration of the United States tested the reaction of the people to the American policy of easing China, so that its policy towards China could be carried out smoothly. Under the promotion of ping-pong diplomacy, Sino-US relations broke the ice and moderated rapidly, and diplomatic relations were finally established. While learning its reference significance from ping-pong diplomacy, we should also see the particularity and limitation of the role played by the media in ping-pong diplomacy, which was determined by the international and domestic environment and the demand for interests at that time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D871.2;D822.3
本文編號(hào)：2497126
[Abstract]:Ping-pong diplomacy opened the door to Sino-US relations, which have been isolated for more than 20 years. The term "ping-pong diplomacy" was first used in media reports. During the 31st World Table Tennis Championships held in Japan in 1971, American team athlete Cohen accidentally took the Chinese team's car when he went to the stadium. Zhuang Zedong, a famous Chinese ping-pong player, gave Cohen a gift, and the friendship between the athletes of the two countries was captured by keen media, thus opening the prelude to ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States. Many mainstream media in the world have paid great attention to this matter and promoted China to agree to the request of the US table tennis delegation to visit China. From April 11 to 18, 1971, the activities of members of the US delegation in China aroused the mainstream media. In particular, the extensive coverage of the mainstream media in the United States has had a great impact on American public opinion. The visit of the American table tennis team to China does not ensure the success of ping-pong diplomacy. The media has played an important role in promoting ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States, and is an important factor in breaking the ice between China and the United States, building bridges between the people of the two countries, spreading and shaping the national image, and promoting the leaders of the two countries to make diplomatic decisions. The role of the media in ping-pong diplomacy is first reflected in the shaping of American public opinion. China and the United States have been isolated for many years, personnel exchanges have been interrupted, and media reports are the main source of public access to information about China. As the first team to visit China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the US table tennis delegation has changed its negative and negative comments on China in the past by mainstream media such as the New York Times and the Washington Post. A detailed report on the visit of the US delegation to China has shown a positive and healthy image of China among the American public, thus causing changes in public opinion in the United States. It is also reflected in the approval rating of the American people about whether they agree to restore China's legal status at the United Nations. The mainstream media also influenced the diplomatic decisions of China and the United States. Chinese leaders used journalists and the media to convey their views on major issues, sent messages to Nixon, displayed China's image through the media, and conveyed friendly signals to the outside world. In addition, media reports also promoted Mao Zedong to agree to the request of the US delegation to visit China as a reference for foreign policy decisions. Through the influence of the media on public opinion, the Nixon administration of the United States tested the reaction of the people to the American policy of easing China, so that its policy towards China could be carried out smoothly. Under the promotion of ping-pong diplomacy, Sino-US relations broke the ice and moderated rapidly, and diplomatic relations were finally established. While learning its reference significance from ping-pong diplomacy, we should also see the particularity and limitation of the role played by the media in ping-pong diplomacy, which was determined by the international and domestic environment and the demand for interests at that time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D871.2;D822.3
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 王恩銘;大眾媒體與美國(guó)外交政策[J];國(guó)際觀察;1999年02期
2 孫輝;新聞媒體對(duì)美國(guó)外交政策的影響[J];國(guó)際論壇;2001年06期
3 陳衛(wèi)星;跨文化傳播的全球化背景[J];國(guó)際新聞界;2001年02期
4 袁小紅;公眾輿論與美國(guó)對(duì)外政策[J];理論探索;2005年01期
5 袁小紅;;公眾輿論與美國(guó)對(duì)華政策——以聯(lián)合國(guó)中國(guó)代表權(quán)問(wèn)題為例[J];理論探索;2007年02期
6 資中筠;緩慢的解凍——中美關(guān)系打開(kāi)之前十幾年間美國(guó)對(duì)華輿論的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程[J];美國(guó)研究;1987年02期
7 范士明;“CNN現(xiàn)象”與美國(guó)外交[J];美國(guó)研究;1999年03期
8 周寧;世紀(jì)末的中國(guó)形象:莫名的敵意與恐慌[J];書(shū)屋;2003年12期
9 林宏宇;美國(guó)公眾輿論與美國(guó)對(duì)華政策[J];世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治;1997年08期
10 翁明;小小銀球旋轉(zhuǎn)乾坤——記中美“乒乓外交”[J];外交學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1997年04期
本文編號(hào)：2497126
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/waijiao/2497126.html
最近更新
教材專(zhuān)著
