美國主流媒體對中美乒乓外交的影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-11 10:36
【摘要】：乒乓外交開啟了隔絕20多年的中美關系的大門�！捌古彝饨弧币辉~最早是由媒體在報道中使用的。1971年第31屆世乒賽在日本舉行期間，美國代表隊運動員科恩在前往比賽場館時誤乘中國隊的車，中國乒乓名將莊則棟贈予禮物給科恩，由兩國運動員展開的友誼被敏銳的媒體所捕捉，從而拉開了中美乒乓外交的序幕。世界上的許多主流媒體都對此事給予了極大的關注，推動了中國同意美國乒乓球代表團的訪華請求。1971年4月11日至18日，美國代表團成員的在華活動引起了主流媒體、特別是美國主流媒體的廣泛報道，進而對美國公眾輿論產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。 美國乒乓球隊訪華并不能確保乒乓外交的成功。媒體在中美乒乓外交中發(fā)揮了重要的推動作用，是打破中美之間堅冰，，搭建兩國民眾溝通橋梁，傳播和塑造國家形象、推動兩國領導人進行外交決策的重要因素。 媒體在乒乓外交中的作用首先表現(xiàn)在對于美國公眾輿論的塑造上，中美隔絕多年，人員交往中斷，媒體的報道是公眾獲取有關中國信息的主要來源。美國乒乓球代表團作為新中國成立后的首支訪華隊伍，《紐約時報》和《華盛頓郵報》等主流媒體改變過去對中國消極、負面的評價，對美國代表團在華訪問進行了細致的報道，為美國公眾中展現(xiàn)了一個積極健康的中國形象，由此引起美國公眾輿論的變化，并體現(xiàn)在美國民眾關于是否同意恢復中國在聯(lián)合國合法地位的支持率上。 主流媒體還影響了中美兩國的外交決策。中國領導人利用記者和媒體傳達自己對重大問題的看法，并向尼克松傳話，通過媒體展示中國形象，對外傳遞友好信號，此外媒體報道還作為外交決策的參考信息推動了毛澤東同意美國代表團的訪華請求。美國尼克松政府通過媒體對公眾輿論的影響，試探民眾對美國對華緩和政策的反應，使其對華政策得以順利施行。 在乒乓外交的促進下，中美關系打破堅冰迅速緩和最終得以建交。在從乒乓外交學習其借鑒意義的同時，也應看到媒體在乒乓外交中發(fā)揮作用的特殊性和局限性，這是當時的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境和利益需求決定的。
[Abstract]:Ping-pong diplomacy opened the door to Sino-US relations, which have been isolated for more than 20 years. The term "ping-pong diplomacy" was first used in media reports. During the 31st World Table Tennis Championships held in Japan in 1971, American team athlete Cohen accidentally took the Chinese team's car when he went to the stadium. Zhuang Zedong, a famous Chinese ping-pong player, gave Cohen a gift, and the friendship between the athletes of the two countries was captured by keen media, thus opening the prelude to ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States. Many mainstream media in the world have paid great attention to this matter and promoted China to agree to the request of the US table tennis delegation to visit China. From April 11 to 18, 1971, the activities of members of the US delegation in China aroused the mainstream media. In particular, the extensive coverage of the mainstream media in the United States has had a great impact on American public opinion. The visit of the American table tennis team to China does not ensure the success of ping-pong diplomacy. The media has played an important role in promoting ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States, and is an important factor in breaking the ice between China and the United States, building bridges between the people of the two countries, spreading and shaping the national image, and promoting the leaders of the two countries to make diplomatic decisions. The role of the media in ping-pong diplomacy is first reflected in the shaping of American public opinion. China and the United States have been isolated for many years, personnel exchanges have been interrupted, and media reports are the main source of public access to information about China. As the first team to visit China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the US table tennis delegation has changed its negative and negative comments on China in the past by mainstream media such as the New York Times and the Washington Post. A detailed report on the visit of the US delegation to China has shown a positive and healthy image of China among the American public, thus causing changes in public opinion in the United States. It is also reflected in the approval rating of the American people about whether they agree to restore China's legal status at the United Nations. The mainstream media also influenced the diplomatic decisions of China and the United States. Chinese leaders used journalists and the media to convey their views on major issues, sent messages to Nixon, displayed China's image through the media, and conveyed friendly signals to the outside world. In addition, media reports also promoted Mao Zedong to agree to the request of the US delegation to visit China as a reference for foreign policy decisions. Through the influence of the media on public opinion, the Nixon administration of the United States tested the reaction of the people to the American policy of easing China, so that its policy towards China could be carried out smoothly. Under the promotion of ping-pong diplomacy, Sino-US relations broke the ice and moderated rapidly, and diplomatic relations were finally established. While learning its reference significance from ping-pong diplomacy, we should also see the particularity and limitation of the role played by the media in ping-pong diplomacy, which was determined by the international and domestic environment and the demand for interests at that time.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D871.2;D822.3
本文編號：2497126
[Abstract]:Ping-pong diplomacy opened the door to Sino-US relations, which have been isolated for more than 20 years. The term "ping-pong diplomacy" was first used in media reports. During the 31st World Table Tennis Championships held in Japan in 1971, American team athlete Cohen accidentally took the Chinese team's car when he went to the stadium. Zhuang Zedong, a famous Chinese ping-pong player, gave Cohen a gift, and the friendship between the athletes of the two countries was captured by keen media, thus opening the prelude to ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States. Many mainstream media in the world have paid great attention to this matter and promoted China to agree to the request of the US table tennis delegation to visit China. From April 11 to 18, 1971, the activities of members of the US delegation in China aroused the mainstream media. In particular, the extensive coverage of the mainstream media in the United States has had a great impact on American public opinion. The visit of the American table tennis team to China does not ensure the success of ping-pong diplomacy. The media has played an important role in promoting ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States, and is an important factor in breaking the ice between China and the United States, building bridges between the people of the two countries, spreading and shaping the national image, and promoting the leaders of the two countries to make diplomatic decisions. The role of the media in ping-pong diplomacy is first reflected in the shaping of American public opinion. China and the United States have been isolated for many years, personnel exchanges have been interrupted, and media reports are the main source of public access to information about China. As the first team to visit China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the US table tennis delegation has changed its negative and negative comments on China in the past by mainstream media such as the New York Times and the Washington Post. A detailed report on the visit of the US delegation to China has shown a positive and healthy image of China among the American public, thus causing changes in public opinion in the United States. It is also reflected in the approval rating of the American people about whether they agree to restore China's legal status at the United Nations. The mainstream media also influenced the diplomatic decisions of China and the United States. Chinese leaders used journalists and the media to convey their views on major issues, sent messages to Nixon, displayed China's image through the media, and conveyed friendly signals to the outside world. In addition, media reports also promoted Mao Zedong to agree to the request of the US delegation to visit China as a reference for foreign policy decisions. Through the influence of the media on public opinion, the Nixon administration of the United States tested the reaction of the people to the American policy of easing China, so that its policy towards China could be carried out smoothly. Under the promotion of ping-pong diplomacy, Sino-US relations broke the ice and moderated rapidly, and diplomatic relations were finally established. While learning its reference significance from ping-pong diplomacy, we should also see the particularity and limitation of the role played by the media in ping-pong diplomacy, which was determined by the international and domestic environment and the demand for interests at that time.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D871.2;D822.3
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本文編號：2497126
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