發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-05 10:36

【摘要】：1957年日本政府發(fā)表了首部《外交藍(lán)皮書》,提出了著名的外交三原則:以聯(lián)合國為中心(UN-Centric)、與西方國家保持協(xié)調(diào)、堅(jiān)持亞洲一員。雖然戰(zhàn)后之初,全世界對(duì)聯(lián)合國寄予厚望,但是聯(lián)合國在戰(zhàn)后時(shí)期發(fā)揮的作用極為有限。事實(shí)上,從現(xiàn)實(shí)的國際環(huán)境與各國的外交實(shí)踐看,沒有任何一個(gè)國家會(huì)真正把聯(lián)合國作為外交的核心。所以,從外交與安全角度看,日本確立“以聯(lián)合國為中心”的外交原則是十分罕見的現(xiàn)象。單單考慮國際因素顯然不足以解釋這一特殊現(xiàn)象,而必須深入到日本的國內(nèi)政治環(huán)境之中。通過歷史分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在重大的安全與外交議題上,日本國內(nèi)各政黨都選擇利用聯(lián)合國為各自的政策進(jìn)行合法性辯護(hù)。因而,所謂聯(lián)合國中心主義的外交原則,其本質(zhì)并不是把聯(lián)合國置于日本外交的中心,而是要使日本的外交與安全政策都與聯(lián)合國憲章的原則相符合。 ‘聯(lián)合國中心主義’雖然是虛化的口號(hào),但絕不是無足輕重的。冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,執(zhí)政黨成功的利用了聯(lián)合國憲章的原則為美日同盟提供了合法性,降低了日本國內(nèi)各進(jìn)步政黨與民眾對(duì)日美同盟的反對(duì)。更重要的是,借助聯(lián)合國的維和機(jī)制,日本的自主防衛(wèi)權(quán)不斷擴(kuò)大。 因而,日本“聯(lián)合國中心主義”的外交原則并不只是為了美化日美同盟而采取的權(quán)宜之計(jì),而是戰(zhàn)后確立的長期外交戰(zhàn)略,包含了更為深層次的政治考量。短期看,用聯(lián)合國憲章解釋日美同盟,可以為日美同盟提供合法性,降低國內(nèi)對(duì)美國駐軍的反對(duì)。而從更長期的戰(zhàn)略看,一旦美日同盟解體或瓦解,日本在聯(lián)合國的名義下實(shí)現(xiàn)自主外交與防衛(wèi),又可以最大限度的規(guī)避亞洲鄰國的反對(duì)。
[Abstract]:In 1957, the Japanese government published the first Blue Book on diplomacy, which put forward three famous principles of diplomacy: taking the United Nations as the center (UN-Centric), maintaining coordination with the West and insisting on a member of Asia. Although the world had high hopes for the United Nations at the beginning of the war, the role of the United Nations in the post-war period was extremely limited. In fact, judging from the realistic international environment and the diplomatic practice of various countries, no country will really regard the United Nations as the core of diplomacy. Therefore, from a diplomatic and security point of view, it is very rare for Japan to establish the diplomatic principle of "United Nations-centered". It is clear that international considerations alone are not enough to explain this special phenomenon, but must go deep into Japan's domestic political environment. Through historical analysis, we find that on major security and diplomatic issues, Japan's domestic political parties choose to use the United Nations to defend their policies. Therefore, the essence of the so-called diplomatic principle of United Nations centralism is not to place the United Nations at the center of Japanese diplomacy, but to bring Japan's foreign and security policies into line with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Although United Nations centralism is a false slogan, it is by no means insignificant. During the Cold War, the ruling party successfully used the principles of the Charter of the United Nations to provide legitimacy for the United States-Japan alliance and reduced the opposition of progressive political parties and people to the Japan-US alliance. More importantly, with the help of the United Nations peacekeeping mechanism, Japan's independent defense rights continue to expand. Therefore, the diplomatic principle of "United Nations centralism" in Japan is not only an expedient measure to beautify the Japan-US alliance, but also a long-term diplomatic strategy established after the war, which contains deeper political considerations. In the short term, interpreting the Japan-US alliance with the Charter of the United Nations can provide legitimacy for the Japan-US alliance and reduce domestic opposition to the US military presence. From a longer-term strategy, once the alliance between the United States and Japan disintegrates or disintegrates, Japan can achieve independent diplomacy and defense in the name of the United Nations, and it can avoid the opposition of its Asian neighbors to the greatest extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D813.2;D831.3

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