奧巴馬政府的“碳關(guān)稅”對中國內(nèi)外政策的挑戰(zhàn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-02 19:34
【摘要】：從《京都議定書》生效之路的波折到碳關(guān)稅的提出,美國的政策轉(zhuǎn)變并不是心血來潮的產(chǎn)物。從“碳關(guān)稅”制度創(chuàng)設(shè)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)來講,美國實(shí)際上是被征收的對象,美國意識到了碳關(guān)稅發(fā)展的方向和其中的國家利益,開始積極地推動(dòng)碳關(guān)稅的實(shí)施,并在2009年6月國會(huì)通過了《清潔能源安全法案》,設(shè)定2020年為開始征收的限定期,顯示了美國搶占碳關(guān)稅先機(jī)的意圖。碳關(guān)稅的征收并非像美國所言的是為了緩解全球氣候變暖,敦促各國按照《京都議定書》的框架履行各自的義務(wù),從而達(dá)到公平貿(mào)易的目的。碳關(guān)稅征收的背后隱藏著復(fù)雜的戰(zhàn)略利益分配,對碳關(guān)稅的研究不能僅僅局限于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分析視角,而應(yīng)該擴(kuò)展到國際政治學(xué)和外交學(xué)的視角下進(jìn)行深入剖析。 本文通過對奧巴馬政府碳關(guān)稅產(chǎn)生的背景、原因進(jìn)行分析,著重研究碳關(guān)稅對我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)以及環(huán)境外交所產(chǎn)生的一系列的影響,從理論上厘清美國碳關(guān)稅征收的方式方法,從實(shí)踐上探尋中國應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅的對策措施,這對進(jìn)一步發(fā)展我國的國民經(jīng)濟(jì),維護(hù)國家利益具有非常重要的意義。 本文共分五章。 第一章為緒論,首先介紹了本文的選題意義以及關(guān)于碳關(guān)稅的研究綜述,主要從碳關(guān)稅的定義、對中國的影響以及中國的應(yīng)對策略三個(gè)方面對國內(nèi)外最新的研究動(dòng)態(tài)做一個(gè)歸納、總結(jié)。進(jìn)而闡述本文的寫作思路以及研究方法。 第二章主要研究碳關(guān)稅在美國的產(chǎn)生歷程,主要從國際背景和國內(nèi)背景兩個(gè)方面入手,通過對碳關(guān)稅征收條約的解讀,結(jié)合專家學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn),對碳關(guān)稅的概念進(jìn)行了界定,本文認(rèn)為,碳關(guān)稅的實(shí)質(zhì)是一種邊境調(diào)節(jié)措施。 第三章在研究了碳關(guān)稅在美國產(chǎn)生的國際國內(nèi)背景的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)實(shí)主義、古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論和新貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義三大理論從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境三個(gè)方面深入分析奧巴馬征收碳關(guān)稅的意圖并從貿(mào)易保護(hù)、增加財(cái)政稅收以及收復(fù)環(huán)境外交話語權(quán)三個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)角度論證美國征收碳關(guān)稅的必然性。 第四章研究了碳關(guān)稅對我國的影響,分為兩個(gè)部分,一是對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響；二是對環(huán)境外交的影響。對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響主要體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易和能源密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)三個(gè)方面,本文引用了大量的數(shù)據(jù)、圖表力圖將碳關(guān)稅對這三個(gè)方面的影響客觀地描述出來。對環(huán)境外交的影響最要體現(xiàn)在“碳排放”指標(biāo)制定權(quán)、“碳交易”定價(jià)權(quán)和“碳關(guān)稅”貿(mào)易主導(dǎo)權(quán)三個(gè)方面,本文通過案例分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方法,對美國的碳關(guān)稅對中國環(huán)境外交產(chǎn)生的影響做一個(gè)定性、定量的研究。 第五章從國際國內(nèi)兩個(gè)層面為我國應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅提出可供選擇的意見和建議。在轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,走低碳化道路的前提下,國內(nèi)通過制度創(chuàng)新、能源結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新四個(gè)方面大力發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)。國外努力尋求國際支持、加強(qiáng)國際合作,爭取實(shí)現(xiàn)中美環(huán)境共治。
[Abstract]:From the twists and turns of the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol to the proposal of carbon tariffs, the policy shift in the United States is not a product of whim. From the starting point of the creation of the "carbon tariff" system, the United States is actually the object of collection. The United States is aware of the direction of the development of the carbon tariff and the national interests in it, and has begun to actively promote the implementation of the carbon tariff. In June 2009, Congress passed the Clean Energy Security Act, which set 2020 as the limit for the introduction of carbon tariffs, indicating the intention of the United States to take the lead in carbon tariffs. Carbon tariffs are not levied, as the United States says, to mitigate global warming and urge countries to fulfil their obligations within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol in order to achieve the goal of fair trade. There is a complex distribution of strategic interests behind the collection of carbon tariffs. The study of carbon tariffs should not only be limited to the perspective of economics, but should be extended to the perspective of international politics and diplomacy to carry out in-depth analysis. Based on the analysis of the background and causes of carbon tariffs in the Obama administration, this paper focuses on a series of effects of carbon tariffs on our national economy and environmental diplomacy, and theoretically clarifies the ways and means of carbon tariff collection in the United States. In practice, it is of great significance to explore the countermeasures for China to deal with carbon tariffs, which is of great significance to the further development of China's national economy and the maintenance of national interests. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, first of all, it introduces the significance of this topic and the research review of carbon tariff, mainly from the definition of carbon tariff. The influence on China and China's coping strategies are summarized and summarized from three aspects: the latest research trends at home and abroad. Then it expounds the writing ideas and research methods of this paper. The second chapter mainly studies the emergence process of carbon tariff in the United States, mainly from the international background and domestic background, through the interpretation of the carbon tariff collection treaty, combined with the views of experts and scholars, the concept of carbon tariff is defined. This paper holds that the essence of carbon tariff is a kind of border adjustment measure. The third chapter, on the basis of studying the international and domestic background of carbon tariff in the United States, uses realism, classical economic theory and new trade protectionism theory from politics and economy. This paper analyzes Obama's intention to impose carbon tariff from three aspects of environment and demonstrates the necessity of carbon tariff in the United States from three realistic angles: trade protection, increasing fiscal tax and recovering the right of environmental diplomacy. The fourth chapter studies the impact of carbon tariff on China, which is divided into two parts, one is the impact on the national economy, the other is the impact on environmental diplomacy. The influence on the national economy is mainly reflected in three aspects: industrial structure, import and export trade and energy-intensive industries. This paper cites a large number of data, and tries to objectively describe the impact of carbon tariffs on these three aspects. The influence on environmental diplomacy should be reflected in three aspects: the right to set the index of "carbon emissions", the pricing power of "carbon trading" and the dominant power of "carbon tariff" trade. This paper combines the method of case analysis with empirical analysis. This paper makes a qualitative and quantitative study on the impact of American carbon tariffs on China's environmental diplomacy. The fifth chapter puts forward the optional opinions and suggestions for our country to deal with the carbon tariff from the international and domestic levels. On the premise of changing the concept and taking the road of low carbonation, the low carbon economy is developed in China through four aspects: institutional innovation, energy structure adjustment, optimization of industrial structure and technological innovation. Foreign countries strive to seek international support, strengthen international cooperation, and strive to achieve joint environmental governance between China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D822.3;F205;F817.12
本文編號：2491373
[Abstract]:From the twists and turns of the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol to the proposal of carbon tariffs, the policy shift in the United States is not a product of whim. From the starting point of the creation of the "carbon tariff" system, the United States is actually the object of collection. The United States is aware of the direction of the development of the carbon tariff and the national interests in it, and has begun to actively promote the implementation of the carbon tariff. In June 2009, Congress passed the Clean Energy Security Act, which set 2020 as the limit for the introduction of carbon tariffs, indicating the intention of the United States to take the lead in carbon tariffs. Carbon tariffs are not levied, as the United States says, to mitigate global warming and urge countries to fulfil their obligations within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol in order to achieve the goal of fair trade. There is a complex distribution of strategic interests behind the collection of carbon tariffs. The study of carbon tariffs should not only be limited to the perspective of economics, but should be extended to the perspective of international politics and diplomacy to carry out in-depth analysis. Based on the analysis of the background and causes of carbon tariffs in the Obama administration, this paper focuses on a series of effects of carbon tariffs on our national economy and environmental diplomacy, and theoretically clarifies the ways and means of carbon tariff collection in the United States. In practice, it is of great significance to explore the countermeasures for China to deal with carbon tariffs, which is of great significance to the further development of China's national economy and the maintenance of national interests. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, first of all, it introduces the significance of this topic and the research review of carbon tariff, mainly from the definition of carbon tariff. The influence on China and China's coping strategies are summarized and summarized from three aspects: the latest research trends at home and abroad. Then it expounds the writing ideas and research methods of this paper. The second chapter mainly studies the emergence process of carbon tariff in the United States, mainly from the international background and domestic background, through the interpretation of the carbon tariff collection treaty, combined with the views of experts and scholars, the concept of carbon tariff is defined. This paper holds that the essence of carbon tariff is a kind of border adjustment measure. The third chapter, on the basis of studying the international and domestic background of carbon tariff in the United States, uses realism, classical economic theory and new trade protectionism theory from politics and economy. This paper analyzes Obama's intention to impose carbon tariff from three aspects of environment and demonstrates the necessity of carbon tariff in the United States from three realistic angles: trade protection, increasing fiscal tax and recovering the right of environmental diplomacy. The fourth chapter studies the impact of carbon tariff on China, which is divided into two parts, one is the impact on the national economy, the other is the impact on environmental diplomacy. The influence on the national economy is mainly reflected in three aspects: industrial structure, import and export trade and energy-intensive industries. This paper cites a large number of data, and tries to objectively describe the impact of carbon tariffs on these three aspects. The influence on environmental diplomacy should be reflected in three aspects: the right to set the index of "carbon emissions", the pricing power of "carbon trading" and the dominant power of "carbon tariff" trade. This paper combines the method of case analysis with empirical analysis. This paper makes a qualitative and quantitative study on the impact of American carbon tariffs on China's environmental diplomacy. The fifth chapter puts forward the optional opinions and suggestions for our country to deal with the carbon tariff from the international and domestic levels. On the premise of changing the concept and taking the road of low carbonation, the low carbon economy is developed in China through four aspects: institutional innovation, energy structure adjustment, optimization of industrial structure and technological innovation. Foreign countries strive to seek international support, strengthen international cooperation, and strive to achieve joint environmental governance between China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D822.3;F205;F817.12
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