冷戰(zhàn)后中美對(duì)非洲援助比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-18 05:38
【摘要】：非洲一直在中國(guó)對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略中具有重要地位,對(duì)非洲援助是發(fā)展中非關(guān)系、提升中國(guó)軟實(shí)力、構(gòu)建和諧世界的重要途徑。非洲在美國(guó)的國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略中雖不處于核心地位,但在其戰(zhàn)略重要性日益增加。對(duì)非洲援助是美國(guó)追求對(duì)非洲政策目標(biāo)的重要工具,也是美國(guó)重塑軟實(shí)力的方式之一。美國(guó)的援非政策對(duì)非洲及其他援助國(guó)都有重要影響。美國(guó)越來越關(guān)注中國(guó)對(duì)非洲的援助,并評(píng)估中國(guó)在非洲影響力上升對(duì)美國(guó)的影響。中美在非洲相遇,援助將成為二者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作的重要領(lǐng)域。對(duì)中國(guó)來說,美國(guó)對(duì)非洲援助政策特別值得關(guān)注和研究。 目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)中國(guó)或者美國(guó)對(duì)非洲援助的研究雖然已經(jīng)取得了一定成果,但還缺乏對(duì)中美援非的系統(tǒng)比較,國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際都存在對(duì)中國(guó)援非的某些誤解。為了能為彌補(bǔ)這些缺憾有所貢獻(xiàn),本文在借鑒前人已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,客觀比較中美在援非領(lǐng)域的異同點(diǎn),總結(jié)出二者的長(zhǎng)處和不足,并力圖為中國(guó)提升對(duì)非洲援助水平提出有益建議。在研究方法上以馬克思主義歷史分析和辯證分析方法為主,同時(shí)綜合運(yùn)用比較分析、案例分析及統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等其它研究方法。 緒論主要闡述了本選題的選題意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究綜述等,明確了論文所采用的對(duì)外援助定義。此外,還簡(jiǎn)要介紹了所使用的研究方法以及論文的創(chuàng)新之處。除緒論外,正文共有六章內(nèi)容。 第一章簡(jiǎn)要回顧了冷戰(zhàn)期間中美對(duì)非洲援助的歷史,重點(diǎn)梳理冷戰(zhàn)后在變化了的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)背景下中美對(duì)非洲援助政策的調(diào)整和發(fā)展進(jìn)程,分析其原因,并總結(jié)了各個(gè)階段中美對(duì)非援助的特點(diǎn)。 第二章主要闡述了中美對(duì)非洲援助理念的文化淵源。中國(guó)援助非洲的理念主要體現(xiàn)在歷年來各項(xiàng)政策文件中對(duì)原則的規(guī)定方面,以中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中的“和合”文化為精神內(nèi)核,受到國(guó)際主義原則的深刻影響,并發(fā)展出了互惠互利,共同發(fā)展的援助新理念。美國(guó)在援非時(shí)附加的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)及價(jià)值觀等條件反映出美國(guó)援非理念的特殊文化淵源,即基督教宗教文化傳統(tǒng)、“上帝選民”和“天定命運(yùn)”觀,這已內(nèi)嵌為美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和理想主義外交傳統(tǒng)的文化內(nèi)核的重要內(nèi)容。此外,非裔美國(guó)人深受美國(guó)文化和非洲文化的雙重影響,隨著他們政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的提高,雙重文化的影響也日益體現(xiàn)。本章還從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)際道義三個(gè)方面對(duì)中美援非的目標(biāo)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)比較,中美間也是既有許多共同之處,又存在較大差異。 第三章著重比較中美對(duì)非洲各個(gè)地區(qū)的援助重點(diǎn)。經(jīng)過比較發(fā)現(xiàn):在臺(tái)灣問題上是否堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)原則以及是否對(duì)中國(guó)友好是中國(guó)與各非洲國(guó)家關(guān)系正常發(fā)展的決定性因素,也在很大程度上決定了中國(guó)援助是否能夠連貫實(shí)施。一方面,中國(guó)重視以援助推動(dòng)與非洲各國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系發(fā)展,另一方面,受援國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和實(shí)際需要也被納入援助的考量范圍。中國(guó)在堅(jiān)持“不干涉內(nèi)政”和“不附加任何政治條件”原則的前提下,側(cè)重基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、文化、教育等關(guān)系民生的發(fā)展援助項(xiàng)目。這些體現(xiàn)出了中國(guó)援助較大的利他性。是否具有重要的安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、能源價(jià)值是美國(guó)選擇重點(diǎn)受援國(guó)的決定性因素。美國(guó)雖然重視通過援助促進(jìn)受援國(guó)進(jìn)行民主和自由化改革,但更重視受援國(guó)是否“親美”并將之作為增加或削減援助的重要依據(jù)。受援國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和實(shí)際需要并不是美國(guó)援助的必然考慮因素。美國(guó)更傾向于實(shí)施能夠在短期內(nèi)顯現(xiàn)效果的人道主義食品援助和健康醫(yī)療援助。這些反映出美國(guó)援助較強(qiáng)的利己性。 第四章主要從中美援非的機(jī)制、方式及其他國(guó)家的評(píng)價(jià)等方面進(jìn)行比較分析。在援非管理機(jī)制和方式上,中美間存在較大差異。在對(duì)其他國(guó)家尤其是非洲國(guó)家對(duì)中美援非的評(píng)價(jià)進(jìn)行比較后發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)非洲民眾對(duì)中國(guó)和美國(guó)都持正面看法。雖然美國(guó)對(duì)非洲援助的絕對(duì)數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于中國(guó),但非洲民眾對(duì)中國(guó)印象良好的比例高于美國(guó),中國(guó)援助奉行不干涉內(nèi)政原則和重視基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的做法贏得了非洲民眾的普遍認(rèn)可。美國(guó)在對(duì)中國(guó)援助非洲的評(píng)價(jià)方面正趨向于全面和積極。第五章選取蘇丹作為個(gè)案,具體分析中美對(duì)蘇丹援助的歷史,援助目標(biāo)的異同之處,并對(duì)南蘇丹獨(dú)立后中美援助的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行展望。 第六章主要在前文對(duì)中美援非的比較分析后對(duì)提高中國(guó)援非水平的一些思考。首先,總結(jié)了中美援助非洲優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。其次,對(duì)中美在援非領(lǐng)域可能進(jìn)行的對(duì)話與合作進(jìn)行了分析。中美在援非領(lǐng)域的對(duì)話與合作具有重要意義,可以采取如下措施:鼓勵(lì)非官方層面的援非對(duì)話與交流;促進(jìn)官方對(duì)話交流從較低層級(jí)向較高級(jí)發(fā)展;建立中美援非聯(lián)合委員會(huì)和工作小組;在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候邀請(qǐng)相關(guān)非洲受援國(guó)參與。中美間要開展援非對(duì)話與合作可以從人道主義援助和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生援助這兩個(gè)議題做出嘗試。中美對(duì)非洲援助的對(duì)話與合作尚是一種設(shè)想,中國(guó)還將應(yīng)對(duì)中美援非對(duì)話與合作機(jī)構(gòu)不對(duì)口、美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)政治因素影響以及中國(guó)如何把握話語權(quán)等諸多問題。最后,本章對(duì)中國(guó)提升援非水平提出政策建議:第一,應(yīng)逐步完善中國(guó)對(duì)外援助機(jī)制,第二,應(yīng)增加中國(guó)媒體對(duì)援非領(lǐng)域的關(guān)注度,第三,應(yīng)做好非洲國(guó)家發(fā)展的前瞻性調(diào)研分析工作,第四,還應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)援非施工人員加強(qiáng)與當(dāng)?shù)氐慕涣饕栽鰪?qiáng)進(jìn)信任。
[Abstract]:Africa has always played an important role in China's foreign strategy, and it is an important way to improve China's soft power and to build a harmonious world. Although Africa is not at the core of its international strategy in the United States, its strategic importance is increasing. Africa's aid is one of the most important tools for the United States to pursue its policy goals in Africa, and one of the ways in which the United States is reshaping its soft power. America's non-policy has an important impact on Africa and other donor countries. The United States is paying more and more attention to China's assistance to Africa and to assess the impact of China's rise in Africa's influence on the United States. China and the United States meet in Africa, and aid will be an important area for both competition and cooperation. For China, the United States is of particular concern and research for Africa's aid policies. At present, the research on the aid of China or the United States at home and abroad has made some achievements, but it also lacks the systematic comparison of Sino-US aid, and there are some of China's aid to China both in China and in the world In order to make up for these shortcomings, this paper objectively compares the similarities and differences between China and the United States in the aid of non-field, and sums up the strengths and weaknesses of both China and the United States in order to make a good contribution to the level of aid in Africa. It is suggested that the method of research is mainly based on the analysis of the history of Marxism and the dialectical analysis method, and the comparative analysis, case analysis and statistical analysis are applied to other research. Methods. The introduction mainly expounds the significance of the selection of the topic, the review of the domestic and foreign research, etc., and defines the application of the thesis. The definition of external assistance. In addition, the methods of research and papers used are also briefly described In addition to the introduction, the body Chapter one briefly reviews the history of Sino-US assistance to Africa during the cold war, and focuses on the adjustment and development of the aid policy of the United States and the United States in the context of the changed international and domestic background in the post-cold war, and analyses its causes and summarizes the various stages. The second chapter mainly discusses the relationship between China and the United States. The cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa is the cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa. The concept of China's aid to Africa is mainly reflected in the policy documents in the past years. The "and close" culture in China's traditional culture is the core of the spirit and is deeply influenced by the principles of internationalism, and the mutual benefit has been developed The new concept of aid for common development, such as the political, economic and value added by the United States in the absence of aid, reflects the special cultural origin of American aid concept, that is, the traditional, "God's Voters" and "the fate of the day" view of the Christian religious culture, which has been built into the American realistic and idealistic diplomatic transmission. In addition, African-American people are deeply influenced by American culture and African culture, and with their political and economic advancement, The influence of heavy culture is also reflected in this chapter. This chapter also makes systematic comparison of the target of middle-and-American aid from the three aspects of politics, economy and international morality. In the same place, there is a great difference. The third chapter focuses on the comparison. China and the United States focus on aid in the various parts of Africa. It has been found that the adherence to a Chinese principle on the question of Taiwan and whether China's friendship is a decisive factor in the normal development of relations between China and the African countries is also to a great extent On the one hand, China attaches great importance to the promotion of economic and trade relations with African countries, and on the other hand, the economic level and reality of the recipient countries The need for inter-regional needs is also included in the scope of aid. China, on the premise of upholding the principles of "non-interference in internal affairs" and "No political conditions attached", focuses on infrastructure construction, culture, The development assistance project of the people's livelihood, such as education, etc. It reflects China's large-scale interests, and whether it has important security, economy and energy value is beauty The country had chosen the decisive factor for recipient countries. While the United States attached importance to the reform of democracy and liberalization through aid for recipient countries, the United States attached great importance to the "to be in love with the" of the recipient countries and would As an important basis for the increase or reduction of aid, the level of economic development and the actual needs of recipient countries It's not an inevitable factor for U.S. aid. The United States is more inclined to implement people who can show their effects in the short term. channel-based food aid and health-care assistance. This is The fourth chapter is mainly from the mechanism and way of the aid of the United States. Comparative analysis on the evaluation of other countries. In other countries, especially in Africa, the evaluation of Sino-American aid has been compared, and it is found that most of them The number of people in Africa has a positive view of both China and the United States. While the absolute number of United States aid to Africa is far more than China, the proportion of the African population to China is well above that of the United States, with China's aid in the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs and the importance of the infrastructure The practice of building has won the universal recognition of the people of Africa. The United States is in China In the fifth chapter, we choose the Sudan as a case to make a concrete analysis of the similarities and differences between China and the United States on the history and aid target of the Sudan's aid, and to the South Sudan The development trend of Sino-US assistance after the independence of Dan is expected. The Comparative Analysis of China's Aid to the Non-level of China First of all, we sum up the advantages and disadvantages of Sino-US assistance to Africa, and secondly, to China and the United States An analysis of the possible dialogue and cooperation in the field of assistance is of great significance to the dialogue and cooperation between China and the United States in the field of assistance. The following measures can be taken: to encourage non-official level of non-dialogue and exchange; to promote the exchange of official dialogue from lower levels to higher Development of the level; the establishment of a joint and non-joint commission and work The Panel, at the appropriate time, invited relevant African recipient countries to participate. Non-dialogue and cooperation between the countries of the United Nations could be done from humanity China-US dialogue and cooperation on aid to Africa is still a vision, and China will also deal with the non-alignment of the medium-and-U.S.-backed non-dialogue and cooperation agencies and the domestic politics of the United States In the end, China's foreign aid mechanism should be gradually improved, and secondly, the attention of Chinese media to the non-field should be increased, and the third one should be done. A forward-looking research and analysis of the development of African countries, and fourthly, should also be encouraged
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D822.3;D871.2
本文編號(hào)：2479730
[Abstract]:Africa has always played an important role in China's foreign strategy, and it is an important way to improve China's soft power and to build a harmonious world. Although Africa is not at the core of its international strategy in the United States, its strategic importance is increasing. Africa's aid is one of the most important tools for the United States to pursue its policy goals in Africa, and one of the ways in which the United States is reshaping its soft power. America's non-policy has an important impact on Africa and other donor countries. The United States is paying more and more attention to China's assistance to Africa and to assess the impact of China's rise in Africa's influence on the United States. China and the United States meet in Africa, and aid will be an important area for both competition and cooperation. For China, the United States is of particular concern and research for Africa's aid policies. At present, the research on the aid of China or the United States at home and abroad has made some achievements, but it also lacks the systematic comparison of Sino-US aid, and there are some of China's aid to China both in China and in the world In order to make up for these shortcomings, this paper objectively compares the similarities and differences between China and the United States in the aid of non-field, and sums up the strengths and weaknesses of both China and the United States in order to make a good contribution to the level of aid in Africa. It is suggested that the method of research is mainly based on the analysis of the history of Marxism and the dialectical analysis method, and the comparative analysis, case analysis and statistical analysis are applied to other research. Methods. The introduction mainly expounds the significance of the selection of the topic, the review of the domestic and foreign research, etc., and defines the application of the thesis. The definition of external assistance. In addition, the methods of research and papers used are also briefly described In addition to the introduction, the body Chapter one briefly reviews the history of Sino-US assistance to Africa during the cold war, and focuses on the adjustment and development of the aid policy of the United States and the United States in the context of the changed international and domestic background in the post-cold war, and analyses its causes and summarizes the various stages. The second chapter mainly discusses the relationship between China and the United States. The cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa is the cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa. The concept of China's aid to Africa is mainly reflected in the policy documents in the past years. The "and close" culture in China's traditional culture is the core of the spirit and is deeply influenced by the principles of internationalism, and the mutual benefit has been developed The new concept of aid for common development, such as the political, economic and value added by the United States in the absence of aid, reflects the special cultural origin of American aid concept, that is, the traditional, "God's Voters" and "the fate of the day" view of the Christian religious culture, which has been built into the American realistic and idealistic diplomatic transmission. In addition, African-American people are deeply influenced by American culture and African culture, and with their political and economic advancement, The influence of heavy culture is also reflected in this chapter. This chapter also makes systematic comparison of the target of middle-and-American aid from the three aspects of politics, economy and international morality. In the same place, there is a great difference. The third chapter focuses on the comparison. China and the United States focus on aid in the various parts of Africa. It has been found that the adherence to a Chinese principle on the question of Taiwan and whether China's friendship is a decisive factor in the normal development of relations between China and the African countries is also to a great extent On the one hand, China attaches great importance to the promotion of economic and trade relations with African countries, and on the other hand, the economic level and reality of the recipient countries The need for inter-regional needs is also included in the scope of aid. China, on the premise of upholding the principles of "non-interference in internal affairs" and "No political conditions attached", focuses on infrastructure construction, culture, The development assistance project of the people's livelihood, such as education, etc. It reflects China's large-scale interests, and whether it has important security, economy and energy value is beauty The country had chosen the decisive factor for recipient countries. While the United States attached importance to the reform of democracy and liberalization through aid for recipient countries, the United States attached great importance to the "to be in love with the" of the recipient countries and would As an important basis for the increase or reduction of aid, the level of economic development and the actual needs of recipient countries It's not an inevitable factor for U.S. aid. The United States is more inclined to implement people who can show their effects in the short term. channel-based food aid and health-care assistance. This is The fourth chapter is mainly from the mechanism and way of the aid of the United States. Comparative analysis on the evaluation of other countries. In other countries, especially in Africa, the evaluation of Sino-American aid has been compared, and it is found that most of them The number of people in Africa has a positive view of both China and the United States. While the absolute number of United States aid to Africa is far more than China, the proportion of the African population to China is well above that of the United States, with China's aid in the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs and the importance of the infrastructure The practice of building has won the universal recognition of the people of Africa. The United States is in China In the fifth chapter, we choose the Sudan as a case to make a concrete analysis of the similarities and differences between China and the United States on the history and aid target of the Sudan's aid, and to the South Sudan The development trend of Sino-US assistance after the independence of Dan is expected. The Comparative Analysis of China's Aid to the Non-level of China First of all, we sum up the advantages and disadvantages of Sino-US assistance to Africa, and secondly, to China and the United States An analysis of the possible dialogue and cooperation in the field of assistance is of great significance to the dialogue and cooperation between China and the United States in the field of assistance. The following measures can be taken: to encourage non-official level of non-dialogue and exchange; to promote the exchange of official dialogue from lower levels to higher Development of the level; the establishment of a joint and non-joint commission and work The Panel, at the appropriate time, invited relevant African recipient countries to participate. Non-dialogue and cooperation between the countries of the United Nations could be done from humanity China-US dialogue and cooperation on aid to Africa is still a vision, and China will also deal with the non-alignment of the medium-and-U.S.-backed non-dialogue and cooperation agencies and the domestic politics of the United States In the end, China's foreign aid mechanism should be gradually improved, and secondly, the attention of Chinese media to the non-field should be increased, and the third one should be done. A forward-looking research and analysis of the development of African countries, and fourthly, should also be encouraged
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D822.3;D871.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 侯明;冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國(guó)的對(duì)外援助政策（1947-1972）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年
2 王玉紅;和合發(fā)展：中國(guó)對(duì)非洲援助研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條
1 李晶;二戰(zhàn)后歐盟與美國(guó)對(duì)非發(fā)展援助的比較分析[D];外交學(xué)院;2012年
2 吳丹;中日對(duì)非援助的比較研究[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2013年
3 謝美妍;中南雙邊貿(mào)易與投資發(fā)展中的問題與對(duì)策[D];東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2012年
4 邵長(zhǎng)峰;冷戰(zhàn)后中美對(duì)東盟援助比較研究[D];外交學(xué)院;2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2479730
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/waijiao/2479730.html
最近更新
教材專著
