試析冷戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)對(duì)中東地區(qū)的公共外交
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-26 18:59
【摘要】：外交是隨著國(guó)家間的相互交往而產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的，它是一國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家利益和全球戰(zhàn)略的重要工具。公共外交是外交的一種新形式，它被視為是建立和提升國(guó)際影響力的重要途徑。冷戰(zhàn)后，隨著全球化和信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，信息的傳播渠道和速度大大增加；國(guó)家間相互依存的程度和范圍不斷加深；公眾輿論成為影響一國(guó)對(duì)外政策的重要因素，在此背景下，公共外交應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。在國(guó)際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域中，公共外交一般是指一國(guó)與外國(guó)公眾的溝通，它的方式和手段非常廣泛：政府公關(guān)、個(gè)人接觸、媒體傳播、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、教育交流、語言培訓(xùn)、文化活動(dòng)和交流等。公共外交目的是塑造國(guó)際形象、促進(jìn)對(duì)外政策目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)以及維護(hù)國(guó)家利益。有效的公共外交的前提是對(duì)話，核心是雙向溝通。在整個(gè)外交戰(zhàn)略中，公共外交發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。它是一國(guó)軟實(shí)力的重要組成部分，是國(guó)際對(duì)話的重要手段，是維護(hù)國(guó)家安全的重要工具。 美國(guó)是一個(gè)高度重視公共外交的國(guó)家，二戰(zhàn)以來，公共外交一直是美國(guó)對(duì)外政策的重要組成部分。美國(guó)試圖利用公共外交來解釋其外交政策和宣傳其價(jià)值觀、意識(shí)形態(tài)，塑造美國(guó)在全球的形象，提高美國(guó)在國(guó)際上的認(rèn)知度，維護(hù)美國(guó)的國(guó)家利益和國(guó)家安全。中東具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地理位置，是伊斯蘭世界的核心，也是反美主義和恐怖主義的高發(fā)地。反美主義的泛濫不僅消弱了美國(guó)的軟實(shí)力，還威脅了美國(guó)的國(guó)家安全和國(guó)家利益。因此，美國(guó)自然把中東地區(qū)視為其公共外交戰(zhàn)略的主要目標(biāo)，對(duì)該地區(qū)的公共外交也是美國(guó)反恐斗爭(zhēng)中不可或缺的部分。冷戰(zhàn)以來，美國(guó)在中東地區(qū)開展了一系列的公共外交活動(dòng)，這些公共外交活動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為：與“先發(fā)制人”戰(zhàn)略并行；融合在“推進(jìn)民主”的戰(zhàn)略之下；是“巧實(shí)力”戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分。但畢竟外交是內(nèi)政的延續(xù)，美國(guó)公共外交依然體現(xiàn)了其霸權(quán)政策，這就使得美國(guó)在中東地區(qū)的公共外交效果是有限的，美國(guó)在該地區(qū)的公共外交依然面臨諸多困境。美國(guó)在中東地區(qū)的公共外交仍然充滿不確定性，需要運(yùn)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共外交、教育與文化交流項(xiàng)目等有效措施提高公共外交的效能。作為崛起中的大國(guó)，中國(guó)面對(duì)新的國(guó)際環(huán)境，不僅要重視公共外交在外交戰(zhàn)略中的重要地位，而且要制定新的公共外交戰(zhàn)略，同時(shí)借鑒和吸取他國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，，有效地開展公共外交，來更好地應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際環(huán)境的變化。
[Abstract]:Diplomacy comes into being and develops with the interaction between countries. It is an important tool for a country to realize its national interests and global strategy. Public diplomacy is a new form of diplomacy. It is regarded as an important way to establish and enhance international influence. After the cold war, with the development of globalization and information technology, the channels and speed of dissemination of information increased greatly, and the degree and scope of interdependence among countries deepened. Public opinion has become an important factor affecting a country's foreign policy. Under this background, public diplomacy emerges as the times require. In the field of international relations, public diplomacy generally refers to the communication between a country and the foreign public in a wide range of ways and means: government public relations, personal contacts, media dissemination, the Internet, educational exchanges, language training, Cultural activities and exchanges, etc. The purpose of public diplomacy is to create an international image, to promote the realization of foreign policy objectives and to safeguard national interests. The premise of effective public diplomacy is dialogue, and the core is two-way communication. In the whole diplomatic strategy, public diplomacy plays a more and more important role. It is an important component of a country's soft power, an important means of international dialogue, and an important tool for maintaining national security. The United States is a country that attaches great importance to public diplomacy. Since World War II, public diplomacy has been an important part of American foreign policy. The United States attempts to use public diplomacy to explain its foreign policy and publicize its values, ideology, image of the United States in the world, improve its international awareness, and safeguard the national interests and national security of the United States. The Middle East has an important strategic geographical position, is the core of the Islamic world, but also the high incidence of anti-Americanism and terrorism. The proliferation of anti-Americanism not only weakens America's soft power, but also threatens its national security and national interests. Therefore, the United States naturally regards the Middle East region as the main goal of its public diplomacy strategy, and it is also an indispensable part of the United States' fight against terrorism. Since the Cold War, the United States has carried out a series of public diplomacy activities in the Middle East. The characteristics of these public diplomacy activities are as follows: parallel to the strategy of "pre-emptive strike", amalgamation under the strategy of "promoting democracy"; It is an important part of the strategy of "skillful strength". But after all, diplomacy is the continuation of internal affairs, American public diplomacy still reflects its hegemonic policy, which makes the effect of American public diplomacy in the Middle East is limited, and American public diplomacy in the region is still facing many difficulties. The American public diplomacy in the Middle East is still full of uncertainty. It is necessary to use the network public diplomacy, education and cultural exchange program and other effective measures to improve the effectiveness of public diplomacy. In the face of the new international environment, China, as a rising country, should not only attach importance to the important position of public diplomacy in the diplomatic strategy, but also formulate a new public diplomatic strategy, and at the same time draw lessons from the experiences and lessons of other countries. Effective public diplomacy to better respond to changes in the international environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D815.4
本文編號(hào)：2431054
[Abstract]:Diplomacy comes into being and develops with the interaction between countries. It is an important tool for a country to realize its national interests and global strategy. Public diplomacy is a new form of diplomacy. It is regarded as an important way to establish and enhance international influence. After the cold war, with the development of globalization and information technology, the channels and speed of dissemination of information increased greatly, and the degree and scope of interdependence among countries deepened. Public opinion has become an important factor affecting a country's foreign policy. Under this background, public diplomacy emerges as the times require. In the field of international relations, public diplomacy generally refers to the communication between a country and the foreign public in a wide range of ways and means: government public relations, personal contacts, media dissemination, the Internet, educational exchanges, language training, Cultural activities and exchanges, etc. The purpose of public diplomacy is to create an international image, to promote the realization of foreign policy objectives and to safeguard national interests. The premise of effective public diplomacy is dialogue, and the core is two-way communication. In the whole diplomatic strategy, public diplomacy plays a more and more important role. It is an important component of a country's soft power, an important means of international dialogue, and an important tool for maintaining national security. The United States is a country that attaches great importance to public diplomacy. Since World War II, public diplomacy has been an important part of American foreign policy. The United States attempts to use public diplomacy to explain its foreign policy and publicize its values, ideology, image of the United States in the world, improve its international awareness, and safeguard the national interests and national security of the United States. The Middle East has an important strategic geographical position, is the core of the Islamic world, but also the high incidence of anti-Americanism and terrorism. The proliferation of anti-Americanism not only weakens America's soft power, but also threatens its national security and national interests. Therefore, the United States naturally regards the Middle East region as the main goal of its public diplomacy strategy, and it is also an indispensable part of the United States' fight against terrorism. Since the Cold War, the United States has carried out a series of public diplomacy activities in the Middle East. The characteristics of these public diplomacy activities are as follows: parallel to the strategy of "pre-emptive strike", amalgamation under the strategy of "promoting democracy"; It is an important part of the strategy of "skillful strength". But after all, diplomacy is the continuation of internal affairs, American public diplomacy still reflects its hegemonic policy, which makes the effect of American public diplomacy in the Middle East is limited, and American public diplomacy in the region is still facing many difficulties. The American public diplomacy in the Middle East is still full of uncertainty. It is necessary to use the network public diplomacy, education and cultural exchange program and other effective measures to improve the effectiveness of public diplomacy. In the face of the new international environment, China, as a rising country, should not only attach importance to the important position of public diplomacy in the diplomatic strategy, but also formulate a new public diplomatic strategy, and at the same time draw lessons from the experiences and lessons of other countries. Effective public diplomacy to better respond to changes in the international environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D815.4
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